Land Records by State — Bhulekh, 7-12, mutation

Why this hub exists. A land record is not one document. It is a bundle: the field plot record, the ownership ledger, the crop entry, and the mutation order that moves ownership after a sale, inheritance or partition. Portals now let you read most of this bundle free. What portals do not do is fix a wrong entry, force a pending mutation, or explain why a correction has sat in a drawer for eight months. That is where the RTI route in each guide below earns its place — revenue offices are public authorities, and the officers who sit on your file answer to a 30-day statutory clock under Section 7(1) of the RTI Act, 2005.

• Khasra / survey number record — the plot-level field record: area, crop entries, and who cultivates it. Called Khasra in the north, Pahani in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
• Khatauni / Record of Rights — the ownership ledger for a village, listing every owner against every plot. Maharashtra issues the combined 7/12 extract; Kerala calls the equivalent the Pokkuvaravu-and-Pattayam chain.
• Mutation, dakhil-kharij, namantaran, pokkuvaravu — different states, same thing: the revenue office's order recording that ownership changed. Mutation is quasi-judicial, so under Section 4(1)(d) of the RTI Act the affected person is entitled to know the reasons for the decision.
• Certified copy — the version a court and a bank accept. The free portal download is a reference copy; the certified copy comes from the Tehsildar or revenue counter for a small fee.

• UP Bhulekh — UP land records portal. Free download of Khasra, Khatauni, Niyog, Vasudha, Khasra-9, Bhumi Adhikar. Available at upbhule…
• Bihar Bhumi — Bihar Bhumi portal at biharbhumi.bihar.gov.in. Khatian, Khasra, Jamabandi (revenue receipts). Free download.
• MP Bhulekh — MP land record portal: mpbhulekh.gov.in. Khasra, B-1 (mutation), P-2 (cumulative ownership). Free.
• Maharashtra Bhulekh / 7-12 — Maharashtra Bhulekh: 7/12 utara (Saat-Baara), 8A, Khata. India's most-searched land record portal. Free.
• Andhra Pradesh Meebhumi — Andhra Pradesh Meebhumi portal: meebhumi.ap.gov.in. ROR, RSR (Resurvey Settlement Records), Pahani, Khasra. Free.
• Telangana Dharani — Telangana Dharani at dharani.telangana.gov.in. Integrated land record (RoR + mutation + crop entries). Free.
• Karnataka Bhoomi — Karnataka Bhoomi at bhoomi.karnataka.gov.in. RTC, MR, Pahani. Free.
• Tamil Nadu Patta — Tamil Nadu land records: Patta + Chitta + A-Register. Via eservices.tn.gov.in or tnreginet.gov.in. Free.
• Kerala revenue records — Kerala revenue records: Pokkuvaravu (mutation), Pattayam (ownership), Land Map. Via revenue.kerala.gov.in.

Three situations recur across every state in the index, and each has a known counter-move.

• The record is wrong. A dead owner still shows, a purchased plot still sits in the seller's name, the area is mis-entered. The fix is a correction or mutation application at the tehsil office, not repeated downloads. If the application goes quiet, an RTI asking for the file's date-wise movement names the officer and usually restarts it.
• Mutation is pending for months. Sale registered, deed stamped, but khatauni unchanged. Ask the revenue office in writing for the status and expected date; if silence follows, an RTI under Section 6(1) converts the silence into a countable delay the first appellate authority can act on.
• You need proof, not a screenshot. Banks, courts and municipal bodies want certified copies. Every guide above explains the local route, counter and fee.

No. A portal copy is a reference extract. Ownership in the official sense travels with the certified copy issued by the revenue office and, ultimately, with the mutation order. Banks and courts ask for certified copies for exactly this reason.

A record changes only when the tehsil processes a mutation or correction. A sale registered last month may not show for weeks. If your entry looks old, ask for the mutation's status rather than re-downloading.

Record-of-rights extracts are public in most states, which is how buyers check a plot before purchase. But asking for a third party's file notings or application details through RTI can attract the privacy exemption in Section 8(1)(j) — ask for the record, not the person's file.

Every page above ends with an RTI escalation template — most stuck cases clear within 15 days of an RTI being filed. The template asks five things: current status, the officer's name, reasons for delay, the file's recent movement, and the likely resolution date. That last question is the one offices dislike ignoring.

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