According to the Council for Insurance Ombudsmen (CIO) Annual Report 2024-25, the 17 Ombudsman offices across India received 53,184 complaints in FY 2024-25, of which ~71% were settled in favour of the policyholder — including award and recommendation. Health insurance disputes top the list (~64% of all complaints), followed by life (~24%) and motor (~9%).

Insurance disputes in India have a clearly designed three-tier escalation, all free or near-free for the citizen:

• The Insurer's own Grievance Redressal Officer (GRO). Mandated under the IRDAI (Protection of Policyholders' Interests) Regulations 2017. Every insurer must publish a GRO email and toll-free number on the policy document and website. 15-day turnaround.
• IRDAI Bima Bharosa (formerly Integrated Grievance Management System / IGMS). The regulator's online grievance escalation hub. IRDAI doesn't itself adjudicate individual claims; it facilitates and watches the SLA. 15-day turnaround.
• Insurance Ombudsman. A quasi-judicial body created under the Redressal of Public Grievances Rules 1998 (replaced by the Insurance Ombudsman Rules 2017). 17 offices across India. Free. No advocate needed. Can pass binding awards up to ₹30 lakh (life, non-life and PA).

The legal anchors:

• §14 of the IRDAI Act, 1999 — IRDAI's regulatory powers over insurers.
• §45 of the Insurance Act, 1938 — strict bar on repudiation after 3 years of policy issue, except for fraud.
• Insurance Ombudsman Rules, 2017 (Notification GSR 413(E), 25 April 2017).
• IRDAI (Protection of Policyholders' Interests) Regulations 2017 — defines TATs, GRO obligations, free-look period.
• IRDAI (Health Insurance) Regulations 2024 — health-claim TAT of 30 days from final document submission.

Insurers must give a written reason citing the specific clause / sub-clause of the policy. If the letter is vague (“policy condition not met”), demand a clear reason in writing within 15 days — that itself is a regulatory violation under the 2017 Regulations.

• Email the insurer's grievance cell (e.g., grievance@starhealth.in, grievances@hdfcergo.com, grievance@bajajallianz.co.in, gro@licindia.com).
• Subject line: “Grievance — Claim no. XXXXX — Policy no. YYYYY”.
• Body: 1-paragraph fact summary, 1-paragraph why the repudiation is wrong, 1-paragraph what you want (full claim + interest).
• Attach: claim documents, repudiation letter, your medical / accident records.
• Note the 15-day SLA.

• Go to bimabharosa.irdai.gov.in.
• Register with mobile + email + policy number.
• Choose category (Health / Life / Motor / Property / Mis-selling).
• Fill complaint, attach insurer's repudiation + your grievance email + insurer's reply (or proof that 15 days lapsed without reply).
• You'll get a Token Number — this becomes your reference for the Ombudsman stage too.
• Bima Bharosa forwards the complaint to the insurer with a 15-day SLA. IRDAI does not itself adjudicate but tracks closure.

Eligibility (all must be true):

• Complaint is against an insurance company licensed by IRDAI.
• Subject matter is one of: claim repudiation / partial settlement / delay / premium dispute / mis-selling / policy terms / non-issue of documents / breach of regulatory obligations.
• Total claim does not exceed ₹30 lakh (life + PA + non-life — separately).
• You filed with insurer's GRO and either got a reply you don't accept, or 30 days have passed with no reply.
• Filing within 1 year from insurer's repudiation (or from end of GRO 30-day window).
• No proceeding pending in any court / consumer forum / arbitration on the same subject matter.

The 17 Ombudsman offices are listed at cioins.co.in/Ombudsman. Jurisdiction is by your address (not the insurer's). Major centres: Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Pune, Ahmedabad, Chandigarh, Lucknow, Patna, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Guwahati, Jaipur, Cochin, Noida.

• Download from cioins.co.in (or fill the online version).
• One A4 page on the front, supporting Annexure VI-A behind.
• Personal details + insurer + policy + claim details + grounds of complaint + relief sought.
• Sign + date. No advocate signature needed.

• Online: bimabharosa.irdai.gov.in (transfers to Ombudsman with one click) or cioins.co.in/Online_Complaint.
• By post: courier or Speed Post to the Ombudsman address.
• Acknowledgement within 7-15 days.

The Ombudsman first attempts mediation / recommendation (a written settlement proposal both sides can accept) — must be issued within 30 days of receiving complete papers. If mediation fails or insurer rejects the recommendation, an Award is passed within 3 months from receipt of all requirements.

The Award is binding on the insurer if the policyholder accepts in writing within 30 days. Insurer must comply within 30 days of the policyholder's acceptance under Rule 17 of the 2017 Rules.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| FORM P-II — INSURANCE OMBUDSMAN COMPLAINT (key fields)                   |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1. Complainant — Name, Age, Address, Phone, Email, Aadhaar (optional)    |
| 2. Insurer — Name, Branch, Policy no., Sum insured, Premium, DOC         |
| 3. Insured event — Date, Hospital/Garage/Death cert. ref., Bill amount   |
| 4. Claim no. and date filed                                              |
| 5. Insurer's decision — repudiation / partial / delay (attach copy)      |
| 6. Grounds of complaint — specific clause-by-clause rebuttal             |
| 7. Relief claimed — Rs. ___ + interest @ __% + ex-gratia                 |
| 8. Date of GRO letter to insurer                                         |
| 9. Insurer's response date / "no response till date"                     |
| 10. Declaration — no parallel court / consumer forum proceeding          |
| 11. Signature + Date                                                     |
| 12. Annexure VI-A — Consent to Ombudsman jurisdiction                    |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

INSURER GRIEVANCE CONTACTS (most-used):
   * LIC of India        — gro@licindia.com / 022-6827-6827
   * Star Health         — grievance@starhealth.in / 044-2828-8800
   * HDFC ERGO Health    — grievances@hdfcergo.com / 022-6234-6234
   * Bajaj Allianz Life  — life.grievance@bajajallianz.co.in
   * Bajaj Allianz Gen.  — ggro@bajajallianz.co.in / 1800-209-5858
   * ICICI Lombard       — grievanceofficer@icicilombard.com / 1800-2666
   * SBI General         — head.customercare@sbigeneral.in
   * New India Assurance — gro.ho@newindia.co.in
   * Niva Bupa (Max Bupa)— grievance@nivabupa.com / 1860-500-8888

INSURANCE OMBUDSMAN — FEE & FILING:
   * Filing fee:                  NIL (free for the citizen)
   * Stamp paper / advocate fees: NIL
   * Online portal:               cioins.co.in / bimabharosa.irdai.gov.in
   * Award limit:                 Rs. 30,00,000 (Life, Non-life, PA each)
   * Award binding on insurer:    Yes, if accepted by policyholder
   * Time limit to file:          1 year from insurer's repudiation /
                                  30 days from GRO no-reply

RTI to PIO IRDAI:                Rs. 10 by IPO. BPL = free.
                                 Address: PIO, IRDAI, Survey No. 115/1,
                                 Financial District, Nanakramguda,
                                 Hyderabad - 500032.

• Pre-existing disease (PED) not declared in the proposal form. The insurer relies on §45 of the Insurance Act — but after 3 years of continuous coverage, the insurer cannot repudiate on this ground except for fraud. Many denials in years 4+ are unsustainable.
• Waiting period not over: 30 days for any illness (most policies); 24-48 months for “specified diseases” (cataract, hernia, hysterectomy, joint replacement); 36 months for PED (now standardized at 36 months max under IRDAI Health Regulations 2024).
• Exclusion clause invoked — read your policy's “Section 4 — Exclusions” carefully. Cosmetic procedures, dental (unless from accident), maternity (unless add-on), self-inflicted injury, war, nuclear are commonly excluded.
• Cashless rejected because hospital is outside the insurer's network. Reimbursement is still your right — file claim within timeline (usually 30 days post-discharge).
• Claim form filled with errors — wrong proposer name, wrong policy number, missing bank details. Sub-tip: ask the hospital's TPA desk to vet the form before submission.
• Original bills not submitted. Insurer often demands originals; keep colour photocopies / scans of every page before sending.
• Death / disability claim — nominee not updated. If nominee on the policy is different from the legal heirs, expect long delays. Update nominees every life event.
• Motor own-damage — delay in FIR / survey. For >₹1 lakh damage, FIR within 24 hours and surveyor inspection within 48 hours are practical thresholds.

Large insurers have an Internal Ombudsman under IRDAI Master Circular on Customer Service 2023. Free. Time-bound 15-30 days.

Already covered in Step 3. bimabharosa.irdai.gov.in is the regulator's hub — track-able, time-bound, with auto-escalation if SLA missed.

Already covered in Step 4-8. The most powerful free forum for sums up to ₹30 lakh.

Insurance is a “service” under the Consumer Protection Act 2019. You can file at the District / State / National Consumer Forum based on claim amount, instead of (or after) the Ombudsman if the Award is rejected by the insurer. See How to file a consumer complaint at NCDRC.

For claims above ₹30 lakh (Ombudsman cannot help) — file a civil suit or, in egregious cases, a writ under Article 226 against IRDAI / Government insurer. Counsel essential.

IRDAI is a public authority under §2(h) of the RTI Act 2005. Public-sector insurers (LIC, New India Assurance, Oriental Insurance, National Insurance, United India) are public authorities too. Private insurers (HDFC ERGO, ICICI Lombard, Star, Bajaj Allianz etc.) are not directly under RTI — but information about them held by IRDAI is.

RTI helps here when:

• You want IRDAI's regulatory action history against an insurer (warnings, penalties, license restrictions) — RTI to PIO IRDAI Hyderabad.
• You want IRDAI's policy circulars on the disputed clause — many are public, but you want a certified copy with date stamp for use in Ombudsman.
• You want statistics on similar complaints (e.g., how many PED-rejection complaints against Star Health in the last 3 years, % overturned).
• You want internal correspondence between IRDAI and the insurer on your specific complaint after Bima Bharosa was filed.
• For public-sector insurers (LIC, NIA, etc.) — RTI directly to the insurer's PIO for your file noting, claim processing trail, repudiation reasoning.

RTI does NOT help here when:

• You want to adjudicate the claim — RTI cannot substitute for the Ombudsman or court. File the substantive complaint first.
• You want information from a private insurer (Star, HDFC, ICICI, Bajaj, Niva Bupa, etc.) — they are not public authorities. Use the Insurance Ombudsman + IRDAI Bima Bharosa route to compel them.
• You want a CA / lawyer / doctor's interpretation of policy terms — that's expert opinion, not “information held”.

For background on filing a basic RTI, see RTI in 12 simple steps.

Q. My health claim was denied 5 days back. Should I go straight to the Ombudsman?
No. The Ombudsman requires that you have first approached the insurer's GRO and either got an unsatisfactory reply or waited 30 days. Skip a step and your complaint is rejected on threshold.

Q. Can I claim mental harassment damages from the Ombudsman?
Yes — under Rule 17(1) of the Insurance Ombudsman Rules 2017, the Ombudsman can grant ex-gratia compensation up to ₹1 lakh in addition to the claim amount, for proven mental agony. Anita's ₹25,000 in the story above is a typical award.

Q. The insurer rejected my claim 14 months ago. Can I still go to the Ombudsman?
Generally no — the 1-year limitation under Rule 14 is strict. But you can still go to the Consumer Forum (limitation: 2 years from cause of action under Consumer Protection Act 2019).

Q. The Ombudsman passed an award in my favour, but the insurer hasn't paid. What now?
Once you accept the award in writing within 30 days, the insurer must pay within 30 days under Rule 17(7). If it doesn't, write to the Ombudsman seeking enforcement; in parallel file a complaint at IRDAI Bima Bharosa citing the breach. As a last resort, file a writ in the High Court for enforcement.

Q. Is the Ombudsman award binding on me too?
No. If you don't accept the award (within 30 days), it lapses for both sides, and you remain free to file in Consumer Forum or civil court. Awards are binding only on the insurer once the policyholder accepts.

Q. Can I get my motor third-party claim settled here?
Pure third-party motor claims are usually decided by the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT) under the MV Act 1988. Ombudsman handles own-damage motor claims and disputes between insured and insurer. Don't confuse the two.

Q. The agent mis-sold me a ULIP / endowment plan. Can I get my premium back?
Yes — file a mis-selling complaint at Bima Bharosa with proof (recorded call, agent's WhatsApp, policy mismatch with proposal). Many cases result in refund of premiums paid minus mortality and admin charges. Use the 15-day free-look period at policy issuance for the cleanest exit.

• RTI in 12 simple steps — for first-time filers
• How to file a consumer complaint at NCDRC
• All Indian government helplines — one master directory
• RTI forms + state-wise fee chart
• Important RTI / insurance case law

Last reviewed: 26 April 2026 by RTI Wiki editorial team. IRDAI regulations and Ombudsman fee structure are revised periodically — verify on cioins.co.in or bimabharosa.irdai.gov.in before filing, or write to admin@bighelpers.in if you spot a stale figure.