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| + | {{htmlmetatags> | ||
| + | ====== Water quality bad? RTI to the Water Board for test reports ====== | ||
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| + | {{: | ||
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| + | <WRAP info> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== The story most citizens recognise ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Anita lives in Ward 14 of a municipal corporation town on the Deccan plateau, an AMRUT 2.0-covered statutory town of roughly 3 lakh people. Her house gets piped supply for about two hours a day from an overhead service reservoir at the end of her lane. Through the six-week monsoon stretch of June and July 2026, the water turned brownish, carried a metallic smell, and left a sediment ring in every bucket. Within a fortnight, about twelve households in her lane reported diarrhoea and gastro-enteritis. She filed three written complaints with the 24x7 Jal helpline. None was acknowledged. | ||
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| + | What Anita wants is not a promise. She wants the **numbers** — the test reports that say whether the water coming out of her tap meets the national drinking-water standard, **IS 10500: | ||
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| + | This guide shows exactly how to file that RTI — which public authority holds which record, what to ask for in plain language, how to escalate when the Board stonewalls, and the 2026 rulings that make the Board' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== What water-supply quality actually is ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | "Water quality" | ||
| + | |||
| + | The essential parameters and their Acceptable / Permissible limits are: | ||
| + | |||
| + | - **pH** — 6.5 to 8.5 (no relaxation) | ||
| + | - **Turbidity** — not more than 1 NTU, permissible up to 5 NTU | ||
| + | - **Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)** — not more than 500 mg/l, permissible up to 2,000 mg/l | ||
| + | - **Total hardness as CaCO3** — not more than 200 mg/l, permissible up to 600 mg/l | ||
| + | - **Chloride** — not more than 250 mg/l, permissible up to 1,000 mg/l | ||
| + | - **Fluoride** — not more than 1.0 mg/l, permissible up to 1.5 mg/l | ||
| + | - **Nitrate** — not more than 45 mg/l (no relaxation) | ||
| + | - **Iron** — not more than 0.3 mg/l, permissible up to 1.0 mg/l | ||
| + | - **Free residual chlorine** — not less than 0.2 mg/l minimum, when chlorinated | ||
| + | - **Arsenic** — not more than 0.01 mg/l, permissible up to 0.05 mg/l | ||
| + | - **Lead** — not more than 0.01 mg/l (no relaxation) | ||
| + | |||
| + | The most important line in the standard is the bacteriological one. **Table 6 of IS 10500:2012 says that E. coli, thermotolerant coliform and total coliform shall NOT be detectable in any 100 ml sample.** If a test report shows coliform in the water reaching a tap, the water fails the national benchmark — full stop. That single fact is what makes test reports so powerful in an RTI reply. | ||
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| + | A careful note on the word " | ||
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| + | <WRAP tip> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Who holds which record ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | To file a sharp RTI you must know which public authority holds the record you want. Water quality is not held by one office — it is split across four layers. | ||
| + | |||
| + | - **The Water Board / Municipal Corporation Water Supply Department** — the urban custodian. Examples: **Delhi Jal Board**, **Bengaluru Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB)**, **Chennai Metro Water (CMWSSB)**, and the water-supply wing of every Municipal Corporation / Nagar Nigam. These bodies hold the source-reservoir test reports, the distribution-network samples, the chlorination logs, the overhead-tank cleaning records, and the complaint register for your ward. | ||
| + | - **The Public Health Engineering Department (PHED)** — the rural and small-town custodian in many states. Where your supply is run by PHED rather than a city Board, the PHED PIO is your target. | ||
| + | - **The Gram Panchayat / Pani Samiti / Village Water and Sanitation Committee (VWSC)** and the **Block Development Officer (BDO)** — for village tap water under **Jal Jeevan Mission**. The State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM) holds the aggregated state-level test data. The JJM citizen corner at **ejalshakti.gov.in/ | ||
| + | - **The State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) / Pollution Control Committee (PCC)** — custodian of the source-water-body inspection reports and the **Consent-to-Operate register** under the **Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974**. Critically, **Section 25(6) of the Water Act** says the Board' | ||
| + | - **The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)** — under the Department of Consumer Affairs, holds the licensing and suspension records for pipes and other products used to carry potable water (more on this in the 2026 update). | ||
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| + | At the Central level, the **Ministry of Jal Shakti** (formed 14 June 2019) houses two departments: | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== How the water-quality testing flow works ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | To know what to ask for, picture how the Board itself tests the water it sends to your tap. The flow has four points where a written record is generated, and each record is an RTI target. | ||
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| + | - **Source-water testing.** Before water enters the treatment plant, the Board samples the river, reservoir, canal, or borewell feeding the plant. The SPCB also independently samples the source water body under the Water Act. Both produce dated test reports. | ||
| + | - **Treatment-plant output testing.** After filtration and chlorination, | ||
| + | - **Distribution-system testing.** The Board draws samples from overhead service reservoirs, sumps, and consumer taps in each ward. This is the test that tells you what actually reaches your house — and it is the one most often skipped. | ||
| + | - **Complaint-triggered testing.** When a citizen complains of colour, odour, or illness, the Board is supposed to log the complaint, send a field officer, draw a sample, and record the result. That complaint-register entry plus the follow-up test report is your strongest evidence. | ||
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| + | Each of these is a record held by a public authority. When you file RTI, you are not asking the Board to create something new — you are asking for the records it was already supposed to keep. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== The 2026 update you must know about ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Two developments in 2026 have changed what Water Boards can and cannot refuse to disclose. | ||
| + | |||
| + | **1. CIC order, 2 June 2025 — Mahesh Mamindla v. BIS (CPIO).** Information Commissioner Heeralal Samariya held that information on the licensing and suspension status of HDPE pipes used to carry potable water **must** be disclosed under RTI as a matter of grave public health concern. The Commissioner ruled that public interest overrides the exemptions in **Section 8(1)(d)** (commercial confidence) and **Section 8(1)(j)** (personal information), | ||
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| + | **2. Vijay Kumar Verma v. Delhi Jal Board, CIC/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | There is also persuasive authority from the **National Green Tribunal, Central Zone Bench, Bhopal, in O.A. No. 05 and 06 of 2026(CZ), order dated 15 January 2026**. Dealing with systemic drinking-water contamination — Vibrio cholerae, faecal coliform, and E. coli in Indore and the surrounding region — the NGT directed the State and the Municipal Corporations to develop a water-complaint app, ensure chlorination, | ||
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| + | <WRAP tip> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Step-by-step: | ||
| + | |||
| + | You will normally file **one application to the Water Board** and, where the source water body is suspect, **a second to the SPCB**. Both are public authorities under the RTI Act. | ||
| + | |||
| + | - **Step 1 — Identify the right public authority.** For an urban supply, that is the PIO of your **Water Board / Municipal Corporation Water Supply Department** (Delhi Jal Board, BWSSB, CMWSSB, or your Nagar Nigam' | ||
| + | - **Step 2 — Pin your ward and source.** State your **ward number, zone, and the exact source** — the overhead service reservoir name, the pipeline feeding your lane, or the JJM village tap. A vague "my area" lets the PIO claim the record does not exist. | ||
| + | - **Step 3 — Ask for dated, specific records.** Six strong sample questions: | ||
| + | - " | ||
| + | - " | ||
| + | - " | ||
| + | - " | ||
| + | - " | ||
| + | - " | ||
| + | - **Step 4 — Pay the fee.** The application fee is **Rs.10** for most state public authorities and for the Central government (Rs.2 in a few states — check your State RTI Rules). Pay by Indian Postal Order, court-fee stamp, cash against receipt, or through your state' | ||
| + | - **Step 5 — Submit and keep proof.** File by hand and take a stamped receiving, or send by registered post and keep the acknowledgement, | ||
| + | - **Step 6 — Wait 30 days.** Under **Section 7(1)** of the RTI Act, the PIO must reply within **30 days** (48 hours where life or liberty is at stake — an active contamination outbreak can arguably meet that bar). If the PIO misses the deadline, **Section 7(6)** says the information must be supplied **free of cost**. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Documents to attach ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | - The prescribed RTI application fee (IPO / court-fee stamp / challan / online payment receipt). | ||
| + | - A photocopy of your address proof if your state portal asks for one (some online portals do). | ||
| + | - Any prior complaint reference numbers given by the 24x7 Jal helpline or the municipal grievance cell. | ||
| + | - If you have done an independent lab test, attach a copy — it sharpens the question and shows you already have a baseline. | ||
| + | - A plain map or written description of the overhead reservoir, pipeline, or source water body, so the PIO cannot claim ambiguity. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Common mistakes ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | - **Asking "why is the water bad?" | ||
| + | - **Not naming the ward, zone, or source.** Without a ward number and a named reservoir or pipeline, the PIO can truthfully say "no record identified." | ||
| + | - **Filing only at the State Secretariat when the Board is the custodian.** The Municipal Corporation / Water Board holds the operational records; the Secretariat holds policy. File at the Board. If unsure, file at both. | ||
| + | - **Skipping the SPCB.** When the source water body is the problem — industrial discharge upstream, sewage mixing at the intake — the Water Board' | ||
| + | - **Confusing RTI Section 20 with water-quality enforcement.** Section 20 of the RTI Act is a penalty on the **PIO for denying or delaying information** — up to Rs.25,000. It is **not** a penalty on the Water Board for supplying contaminated water. For contamination enforcement you turn to the Water Act, the NGT, and consumer courts — RTI is the tool that gets you the evidence. | ||
| + | - **Forgetting BIS for pipe and material defects.** If the contamination traces to substandard pipes or liners, the **BIS** PIO holds the license and suspension records — the Mahesh Mamindla order confirms these are disclosable. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Real-life example ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | <WRAP center round box> | ||
| + | **Anita R., Ward 14, a municipal corporation town, Deccan plateau state — July 2026.** | ||
| + | |||
| + | Anita' | ||
| + | |||
| + | She filed one RTI to the **PIO, Municipal Corporation Water Supply Department**, | ||
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| + | On Day 30 the Board' | ||
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| + | Anita used the data to file a grievance on **CPGRAMS (pgportal.gov.in)** and a written complaint to the District Magistrate' | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Sample RTI letter ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | To, | ||
| + | The Public Information Officer, | ||
| + | [Municipal Corporation Water Supply Department / Water Board / Jal Board / PHED], | ||
| + | [City / Town], [State] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Subject: Information under Section 6(1) of the RTI Act, 2005, regarding drinking-water quality in Ward 14. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Sir / Madam, | ||
| + | |||
| + | I, [Name], resident of [Full Address including Ward / Zone], being an Indian citizen, seek the following information under Section 6(1) of the Right to Information Act, 2005. I declare under Section 10 that I am seeking this information in my personal capacity as a citizen and consumer of the public water supply, and I am not seeking any personal information of a third party. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Particulars of the supply: | ||
| + | Ward / Zone number: ________ | ||
| + | Overhead service reservoir / source: ________ | ||
| + | Nature of concern (colour / odour / illness cluster / chlorine smell absent / suspected contamination): | ||
| + | Period of concern: ________ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Please furnish: | ||
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| + | 1. Source-water (river / reservoir / borewell) test reports and distribution-network test reports for my ward for the last 12 months, with each parameter value tested against IS 10500:2012, the sample date, and the sample location. | ||
| + | 2. The daily chlorination log and free residual chlorine readings for the overhead service reservoir at [name] for the past three months. | ||
| + | 3. Complaint register entries for [locality / ward] for the last 12 months, with complaint reference, date, and action taken. | ||
| + | 4. The name, designation, | ||
| + | 5. Certified copies of any inspection, show-cause notice, or action taken against the water-treatment plant or overhead service reservoir supplying my ward in the last 24 months. | ||
| + | 6. The date-wise schedule of overhead-tank and sump cleaning carried out in my ward in the last 12 months. | ||
| + | 7. Details of any BIS IS 10500 accreditation of the laboratory used by the Board for these tests, and whether the lab is NABL-accredited. | ||
| + | |||
| + | If the information is held by another public authority, please transfer this application or the relevant part under Section 6(3) within five days of receipt. | ||
| + | |||
| + | I enclose [IPO / Challan / Court-fee stamp] No. __________ for Rs. 10 as the application fee. | ||
| + | |||
| + | If the information is not supplied within 30 days, I shall claim it free of cost under Section 7(6) and may file a First Appeal under Section 19(1) and a complaint under Section 18, citing Vijay Kumar Verma v. Delhi Jal Board (CIC, 8 January 2026). | ||
| + | |||
| + | Yours faithfully, | ||
| + | [Signature] | ||
| + | [Name] | ||
| + | [Address] | ||
| + | [Date] | ||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Frequently asked questions ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== What is BIS IS 10500:2012? ==== | ||
| + | IS 10500:2012 is the Indian Standard " | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Which public authority do I file my water-quality RTI with? ==== | ||
| + | For an urban piped supply, file with the PIO of your Water Board or Municipal Corporation Water Supply Department — Delhi Jal Board, BWSSB, CMWSSB, or your local Nagar Nigam water wing. For a PHED-run town, file with the PHED PIO. For a village Jal Jeevan Mission supply, file with the BDO and the Gram Panchayat / VWSC. Where the source water body is suspect, add a second RTI to your State Pollution Control Board. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Can RTI force a treatment plant to be shut down? ==== | ||
| + | No — and it is not designed to. RTI surfaces the records: the test reports, the chlorination logs, the complaint register, the show-cause notices. With that evidence in hand you approach the NGT, the consumer forum, or the District Magistrate for enforcement. RTI is the evidence-gathering tool; the regulatory or judicial body does the shutdown. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Who is liable if the water is contaminated? | ||
| + | The Water Board or Municipal Corporation is the custodian of the supply and answers for its quality. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 carries its own enforcement — Section 44 punishes contravention with imprisonment of not less than one and a half years up to six years and a fine. Separately, the Supreme Court in Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar, (1991) 1 SCC 598, held that the right to life under Article 21 includes the right to pollution-free water. RTI Section 20, by contrast, penalises only the PIO for denying or delaying information — it is not a water-quality enforcement provision. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Is Jal Jeevan Mission water quality covered by RTI? ==== | ||
| + | Yes. Village-level water-quality records are held by the Gram Panchayat / Pani Samiti / VWSC and the BDO, with aggregated data at the State Water and Sanitation Mission. The JJM citizen corner at ejalshakti.gov.in publishes village water-quality and tap-status information. For a step-by-step guide to JJM records, see [[rti-for-jal-jeevan-mission]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== What if the Board refuses, citing commercial confidence to protect a pipe or tanker supplier? ==== | ||
| + | Cite the CIC order in Mahesh Mamindla v. BIS (CPIO), 2 June 2025, which held that public interest in safe drinking water overrides the Section 8(1)(d) commercial-confidence and Section 8(1)(j) personal-information exemptions, and directed BIS to disclose pipe-licence status free of cost. The same logic applies to a Board shielding a tanker contractor or pipe supplier. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== The Board ignored my RTI for months. What do I do? ==== | ||
| + | File a First Appeal under Section 19(1) with the First Appellate Authority within 30 days of the deadline. If the FAA also fails, file a Second Appeal to your State Information Commission under Section 19(3) within 90 days. Cite Vijay Kumar Verma v. Delhi Jal Board (CIC, 8 January 2026), where a Rs.10,000 penalty was imposed on a Jal Board PIO for a two-year delay, and ask the Commission to impose the Section 20(1) penalty of up to Rs.25,000 and to order free-of-cost supply under Section 7(6), as the CIC did in Dhani Ram Goel v. Delhi Jal Board (2010). Use the timeline tool at https:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Should I also file a complaint on CPGRAMS? ==== | ||
| + | Yes, in parallel. CPGRAMS at pgportal.gov.in is the Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System, integrated with the UMANG app, and routes water complaints to the Ministry of Jal Shakti / DDWS. An RTI gets you the records; a CPGRAMS grievance gets you corrective action. Filing both at once is the strongest combination. You can check whether the Board' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== Can I ask for the National Water Policy, 2012 compliance report? ==== | ||
| + | Be careful. The National Water Policy, 2012 is a policy framework adopted by the National Water Resources Council — it is not a statute with a standing " | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== What fee do I pay and how? ==== | ||
| + | The application fee is Rs.10 for most state public authorities and for the Central government; a few states charge Rs.2. Pay by Indian Postal Order, court-fee stamp, cash against receipt at the PIO's office, or through your state' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Sources ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | - Right to Information Act, 2005 — full text: [righttoinformation.gov.in](https:// | ||
| + | - BIS IS 10500:2012 " | ||
| + | - Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974: [indiacode.nic.in](https:// | ||
| + | - Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar, (1991) 1 SCC 598: [indiankanoon.org](https:// | ||
| + | - CIC order, Mahesh Mamindla v. BIS (CPIO), 2 June 2025 — Moneylife report: [moneylife.in](https:// | ||
| + | - Vijay Kumar Verma v. Delhi Jal Board, CIC/ | ||
| + | - Dhani Ram Goel v. Delhi Jal Board, CIC/ | ||
| + | - NGT Central Zone Bench, Bhopal, O.A. No. 05 and 06 of 2026(CZ), 15 January 2026: [livelaw.in](https:// | ||
| + | - National Water Policy, 2012 — National Water Mission: [nwm.gov.in](https:// | ||
| + | - Jal Jeevan Mission — official portal: [jaljeevanmission.gov.in](https:// | ||
| + | - JJM citizen corner — village water-quality and tap status: [ejalshakti.gov.in](https:// | ||
| + | - AMRUT 2.0 — Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs: [amrut.mohua.gov.in](https:// | ||
| + | - Ministry of Jal Shakti — services portal: [services.india.gov.in](https:// | ||
| + | - PRS Legislative Research — Demand for Grants 2026-27, Jal Shakti: [prsindia.org](https:// | ||
| + | - CPGRAMS — Centralized Public Grievance portal: [pgportal.gov.in](https:// | ||
| + | - Central Water Commission: [cwc.gov.in](https:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Related on RTI Wiki ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | - [[rti-for-water-supply-issue|RTI for water supply cut-off and contamination illness]] — the companion guide for supply continuity and contamination-illness action | ||
| + | - [[rti-for-jal-jeevan-mission|RTI for Jal Jeevan Mission]] — rural tap-water scheme records | ||
| + | - [[rti-for-amrut-scheme-funds|RTI for AMRUT scheme funds]] — urban water-supply project funds | ||
| + | - [[rti-for-environment-and-pollution|RTI for environment and pollution]] — Water Act and SPCB records | ||
| + | - [[rti-for-pollution-noc|RTI for pollution NOC and consent-to-operate]] — SPCB Consent register angle | ||
| + | - [[rti-for-community|RTI for community and society]] — the parent pillar | ||
| + | - [[rti-for-beginners|RTI for beginners]] — the basics of filing, fee, and escalation | ||
| + | - [[water-connection-application-pending-after-payment|Water connection pending after payment]] — practical guide for connection delays | ||
| + | |||
| + | //Last reviewed: 4 July 2026.// | ||
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| + | {{tag> | ||