RTI Act §8 and §19; territorial precedent from Delhi, Bombay, Madras, Kerala, Karnataka, Calcutta High Courts.

• Delhi HC — Bhagat Singh v CIC (2007): Speaking-order standard for PIO.
• Delhi HC — Maharani Bagh Sangam Viseh v UoI (2014): §10 severability mandatory.
• Bombay HC — Vihar Durve v CIC (2010): §8(1)(d) commercial — public interest.
• Bombay HC — Tata Trusts v UoI (2013): Substantial financing test for “public authority”.
• Madras HC — TN Reasonable Assistance line: §6(3) transfer + helpful PIO duty.
• Kerala HC — KPSC line on reservation lists + transparency.
• Karnataka HC — Pandeshwar Murthy: §8(1)(j) personal information narrow read.
• Calcutta HC — DPDP-style privacy + RTI balancing pre-2023.

1. Identify the territorial jurisdiction — Your office in which state? HC of that state binds you.
2. Match to subject-area rulings — Each HC has built rulings in its specialty (Delhi: bureaucracy, Bombay: corporates, Kerala: welfare).
3. Cite as “persuasive” if outside jurisdiction — HC ruling outside your state still has persuasive value at FAA + IC.
4. Update with recent rulings — HC rulings are more frequent than SC — check annually.
5. Use to reinforce SC rulings — HC + SC combined citation is strongest.

DELHI HIGH COURT — Most influential RTI precedents:

1. BHAGAT SINGH v CIC (2007) — speaking-order standard.
   "PIO's order must be a speaking one, giving specific reasons; conclusory orders set aside."

2. UoI v ANGADBIR SINGH KOHLI (2009) — §6(3) transfer + applicant's residual rights.
   "Transfer is mandatory; applicant retains right to follow up at correct PA."

3. MAHARANI BAGH SANGAM VISESH v UoI (2014) — §10 severability.
   "Where part of record is exempt, non-exempt portion MUST be disclosed."

BOMBAY HIGH COURT — Industrial + commercial RTI:

4. VIHAR DURVE v CIC (2010) — §8(1)(d) commercial confidence.
   "Commercial confidence is not a blanket exemption; public-interest override applies to public-money procurement."

5. TATA TRUSTS v UoI (2013) — "public authority" scope.
   "Trusts substantially financed by govt are public authorities under §2(h); duty applies."

MADRAS HIGH COURT — Reasonable assistance + procedure:

6. NARAYANSAMI v COLLECTOR (2014) — applicant duty + PIO duty.
   "PIO must give reasonable assistance; vague application = polite request for clarification, not denial."

KERALA HIGH COURT — Welfare scheme transparency:

7. KPSC FILES — transparency in selection processes.
   "Selection list + scoring methodology disclosable; specific candidate identifying details exempt under §8(1)(j) only with public-interest weighing."

8. KERALA AGRICULTURE DEPT (2018) — beneficiary list disclosure.
   "Aggregate beneficiary list disclosable; individual identifying details case-specific."

KARNATAKA HIGH COURT — Personal info interpretation:

9. PANDESHWAR MURTHY v UoI (2009) — §8(1)(j) work record.
   "Public servant's work-related data, including grade and performance, not personal information."

CALCUTTA HIGH COURT — Privacy + RTI:

10. WB INFORMATION COMMISSION ORDERS upheld in HC — 2018-2022.
    "Even pre-DPDP, privacy must be specific; abstract claims insufficient under §8(1)(j)."

Cite Bhagat Singh (Delhi HC 2007) — applies nationwide as persuasive precedent.

Cite Vihar Durve (Bombay HC 2010) — public-interest test applies.

Cite Pandeshwar Murthy (Karnataka HC) — work record is not personal.

Cite Kerala HC KPSC line — process transparent, candidate identifiers case-specific.

Cite Kerala HC + Bombay HC — aggregate disclosable, individual conditional.

• Bhagat Singh v CIC (Delhi HC 2007) — Speaking order standard universally adopted.
• Vihar Durve v CIC (Bombay HC 2010) — Commercial confidence interpretation.
• Pandeshwar Murthy v UoI (Karnataka HC 2009) — Public-servant work record narrow §8(1)(j) read.
• Kerala HC KPSC line of cases — Welfare + selection transparency.
• Maharani Bagh Sangam Visesh (Delhi HC 2014) — Mandatory §10 severability.

• Citing HC ruling outside its territorial jurisdiction without flagging “persuasive only”.
• Citing CIC order as binding HC precedent — different categories.
• Confusing HC ruling with similarly-named SC ruling.
• Failing to update — older HC rulings may be modified or overturned.
• Treating HC ruling as conclusive — IC may distinguish facts.

• Build a per-HC ruling library — your office in which state? Focus on that HC + adjacent.
• For multi-state operations, cite leading rulings from major HCs.
• Update annually — HC databases (high-court-name.nic.in) have RTI orders.
• Combine HC + SC citations for strongest defense.
• For complex matters, use HC ruling as starting point + SC for principle.
• Train PIOs on top 5 rulings from your HC — accelerates compliance.

Within their state — YES. Outside — persuasive. SC binding everywhere.

Within your jurisdiction, your HC binds. IC may follow either.

High Court website case databases. ICRPC publishes monthly compilation.

Yes for routine matters, but provide full citation if FAA / IC requests.

Check for SC override or HC departure. ICRPC monthly digest tracks.

• pio faa knowledge base
• pio supreme court rulings
• pio citing case law
• pio section 8 1 j framework
• act/section-8

Delhi, Bombay, Madras, Kerala, Karnataka, Calcutta HC rulings; ICRPC monthly RTI digest.

Last reviewed: 25 April 2026.