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—encroachment-complaint-guide-india [2026/07/10 23:24] (current) – created - external edit 127.0.0.1
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 +====== Encroachment Complaint Guide India — Municipal + Police (2026) ======
  
 +{{htmlmetatags>metatag-description=(Neighbour or builder encroaching on your land/road/footpath? Municipal complaint + police FIR + RTI to land records + civil suit — full citizen guide 2026.)}}
 +{{htmlmetatags>metatag-keywords=(encroachment complaint India, footpath encroachment, road encroachment, municipal corporation removal, BNSS criminal trespass, civil suit injunction, RTI to land records, BBMP encroachment removal, MCD MCGM encroachment)}}
 +
 +A senior citizen in Bangalore returns from holiday to find his neighbour has extended a wall 4 feet into his side-set-back, blocking the rear gate of his property and turning the shared driveway into a parking spot. In 2026, **encroachment** — by neighbours, builders, vendors, illegal squatters, or even rogue municipal contractors — is one of the most disputed civic issues in urban India. This page is the operational complaint + recovery playbook — what counts as encroachment, how to escalate to municipal corporation + police + civil court, and the precise RTI / FIR / injunction pathway to enforce removal.
 +
 +> **Citizen Crisis Response Network — first 30-day encroachment checklist**\\ Photograph the encroachment + Google Maps location pin → file written complaint with **municipal corporation's Encroachment / Town-Planning department** → simultaneously file **FIR** under **BNSS §322 (criminal trespass) + §62 (criminal conspiracy)** → file **civil injunction** before Civil Judge under **CPC Order 39 Rule 1** (interim ex-parte order possible in 24 hours) → RTI to land-records office for survey extracts → engage **state Tahsildar / Revenue Inspector** for land-revenue cases → escalate to High Court **Article 226** for systemic non-action.
 +
 +===== Direct answer (featured snippet) =====
 +
 +To remove an encroachment in India: (1) immediately photograph the encroachment with Google Maps location pin + landmark; (2) file a written complaint with the **municipal corporation's Encroachment / Town Planning department** (BBMP for Bangalore, MCGM for Mumbai, MCD for Delhi, GHMC for Hyderabad) — they have statutory power under municipal acts to demolish encroachments after 7 days notice; (3) simultaneously file an **FIR** at the local police station under **BNSS §322 (criminal trespass)** + **§62 (criminal conspiracy)**; (4) file a **civil injunction suit** before the Civil Judge — interim ex-parte order can be obtained within 24 hours under **CPC Order 39 Rule 1**; (5) for land-revenue properties, escalate to **Tahsildar / Revenue Inspector**; (6) for systemic non-action, file **High Court Article 226 writ**.
 +
 +===== In this guide =====
 +
 +  * [[#What counts as encroachment|What counts as encroachment]]
 +  * [[#Documenting the encroachment|Documenting the encroachment]]
 +  * [[#Municipal complaint pathway|Municipal complaint pathway]]
 +  * [[#Civil injunction — your fastest court remedy|Civil injunction — your fastest court remedy]]
 +  * [[#Police FIR — criminal route|Police FIR — criminal route]]
 +  * [[#Land records + survey extracts|Land records + survey extracts]]
 +  * [[#Specific scenarios — neighbour, vendor, builder|Specific scenarios — neighbour, vendor, builder]]
 +  * [[#Sample municipal complaint + injunction petition|Sample municipal complaint + injunction petition]]
 +  * [[#Filing an RTI to land records / municipal|Filing an RTI to land records / municipal]]
 +  * [[#FAQ|FAQ]]
 +  * [[#Myth vs reality|Myth vs reality]]
 +
 +===== What counts as encroachment =====
 +
 +  * Building / wall / structure extending beyond own boundary onto another's land.
 +  * Permanent occupation of public land (footpath, road, drain, park).
 +  * Permanent occupation of common-area or amenity space.
 +  * Blocking access (driveway, gate, common path).
 +  * Constructing without sanctioned plan beyond setback distances.
 +  * Vendor / hawker permanent stall on footpath without licence.
 +  * Builder / developer projects extending beyond approved plan.
 +  * Illegal squatter occupation without legal title.
 +  * Illegal religious structure on public land.
 +  * Industrial / commercial use of land beyond zoning.
 +
 +> **Warning** — Some "encroachments" are temporary occupation under licence (vendors with valid licence, contractors with permission). Verify before action.
 +
 +===== Documenting the encroachment =====
 +
 +==== Step 1: Photograph extensively ====
 +
 +  * Multiple angles, including landmark visibility.
 +  * Date / time / location metadata.
 +  * Encroachment dimensions (use measuring tape).
 +  * Witness signatures on the photographs.
 +
 +==== Step 2: Pre-encroachment baseline ====
 +
 +  * Pre-encroachment photographs (Google Street View, family albums, satellite imagery via Google Earth).
 +  * Pre-encroachment survey records.
 +  * Witnesses who can testify to original boundary.
 +
 +==== Step 3: Survey + boundary verification ====
 +
 +  * Hire a licensed surveyor (₹3,000-₹15,000 depending on city).
 +  * Obtain survey extract from sub-registrar / revenue office.
 +  * Compare actual boundary vs. surveyed boundary.
 +
 +==== Step 4: Witnesses + neighbours ====
 +
 +  * 2-3 neighbours who saw the encroachment build.
 +  * Watchman / security personnel as witnesses.
 +
 +==== Step 5: Document chain ====
 +
 +  * Original sale deed / conveyance deed.
 +  * Property tax records showing your boundary.
 +  * Approved sanctioned plan from municipal corporation.
 +  * RTC / Khata / Patta records for revenue properties.
 +
 +===== Municipal complaint pathway =====
 +
 +==== Tier 1: Online complaint (24-48 hour acknowledgement) ====
 +
 +City-specific portals:
 +  * **Bangalore** — BBMP at [[https://bbmp.gov.in|bbmp.gov.in]] → //Sahaaya//
 +  * **Mumbai** — MCGM at [[https://mcgm.gov.in|mcgm.gov.in]] → //MCGM Citizen App//
 +  * **Delhi** — MCD at [[https://mcdonline.nic.in|mcdonline.nic.in]]
 +  * **Hyderabad** — GHMC at [[https://www.ghmc.gov.in|ghmc.gov.in]] → //GHMC My City//
 +  * **Chennai** — Greater Chennai Corporation
 +  * **Pune** — PMC
 +
 +==== Tier 2: Written complaint to Town Planning / Encroachment Cell ====
 +
 +  * Letter on official format.
 +  * Speed Post AD + email.
 +  * 30-day acknowledgement + response timeline.
 +
 +==== Tier 3: Encroachment Removal Order ====
 +
 +Upon investigation, the municipal corporation issues a **Notice under §263 (Maharashtra) / §332 (Karnataka) / equivalent state municipal act**. The encroacher gets 7-15 days to remove. If unremoved, demolition is carried out at encroacher's cost.
 +
 +==== Tier 4: Demolition + recovery ====
 +
 +Demolition by municipal staff. Costs recovered from encroacher's property tax, building tax, or attached movable property.
 +
 +==== Tier 5: Appeal ====
 +
 +Encroacher can appeal before Town Planning Tribunal / state appellate authority within 30 days.
 +
 +===== Civil injunction — your fastest court remedy =====
 +
 +==== Filing a civil suit for injunction ====
 +
 +Petition before Civil Judge (Sr. Division) under **CPC Order 39 Rule 1**:
 +
 +  * Plaintiff: you, the legal owner.
 +  * Defendant: encroacher.
 +  * Prayer: **injunction restraining further construction + mandatory direction to remove existing encroachment + damages**.
 +
 +==== Interim ex-parte order ====
 +
 +Within 24 hours, plaintiff can move for **interim ex-parte injunction**. Court grants if:
 +  * Prima facie case.
 +  * Irreparable harm.
 +  * Balance of convenience.
 +  * Bona fides.
 +
 +==== Final order ====
 +
 +Final hearing: 6-12 months. Final order: removal + damages + costs.
 +
 +==== Appeal ====
 +
 +Defendant can appeal to High Court within 30 days of final order.
 +
 +===== Police FIR — criminal route =====
 +
 +Encroachment + criminal trespass + violation of property rights:
 +
 +  * **BNSS §322** — criminal trespass.
 +  * **BNS §62** — criminal conspiracy.
 +  * **BNS §299** — assault if encroacher resisted.
 +  * **BNS §351** — criminal intimidation if threats made.
 +
 +Filing: at home police station with photos + sale deed + survey extract.
 +
 +==== When police won't register FIR ====
 +
 +Use **BNSS §175** to compel registration. File before Magistrate Court for direction to police.
 +
 +==== When civil + criminal parallel ====
 +
 +Both routes can run simultaneously.
 +
 +===== Land records + survey extracts =====
 +
 +==== Bhulekh / RTC / Patta records ====
 +
 +Each state's land records portal:
 +  * **Karnataka** — [[https://landrecords.karnataka.gov.in|landrecords.karnataka.gov.in]] (Bhoomi)
 +  * **Maharashtra** — [[https://mahabhulekh.maharashtra.gov.in|mahabhulekh.maharashtra.gov.in]]
 +  * **TN** — [[https://eservices.tn.gov.in|eservices.tn.gov.in]] (Patta Citta)
 +  * **AP** — [[https://meebhoomi.ap.gov.in|meebhoomi.ap.gov.in]]
 +  * **UP** — [[https://upbhulekh.gov.in|upbhulekh.gov.in]]
 +
 +==== Survey extract ====
 +
 +Apply at local Tahsildar / sub-registrar office. Cost ₹50-₹200. Time 7-15 days.
 +
 +==== RTI to land records ====
 +
 +For historical changes, file RTI to land-records office.
 +
 +===== Specific scenarios — neighbour, vendor, builder =====
 +
 +==== Neighbour encroachment ====
 +
 +  * Photograph + boundary verification.
 +  * Verbal then written demand for removal.
 +  * Police mediation.
 +  * Civil injunction.
 +  * FIR if construction continues during litigation.
 +
 +==== Vendor / hawker encroachment ====
 +
 +  * Verify hawker licence with municipal corporation.
 +  * If unlicensed, file complaint + photograph evidence.
 +  * Municipal corporation's Sastra unit removes.
 +
 +==== Builder encroachment ====
 +
 +  * Match builder's construction with sanctioned plan.
 +  * Municipal corporation's Town Planning unit issues stop-work + demolition.
 +  * RERA complaint if RERA-registered.
 +  * Civil suit for injunction + damages.
 +
 +==== Religious structure encroachment ====
 +
 +  * Most sensitive category.
 +  * Civil court directs municipal action.
 +  * Religious authority can be made party.
 +
 +==== Public-land encroachment ====
 +
 +  * Tahsildar / Revenue Inspector with state revenue powers.
 +  * Municipal corporation Encroachment Cell.
 +  * PIL before High Court for systemic encroachment.
 +
 +===== Sample municipal complaint + injunction petition =====
 +
 +==== Municipal complaint ====
 +
 +<code>
 +[Complainant's letterhead]
 +By Speed Post AD + email
 +DD-MM-2026
 +
 +To,
 +The Commissioner / Encroachment Cell
 +[Municipal Corporation Name]
 +
 +Sub: Complaint of unauthorised encroachment
 +
 +I, [Name], owner of property at [Address] (Plot /
 +Survey No. _______, Khata _______), submit:
 +
 +1. The property at [Adjacent Address] has constructed
 +   an unauthorised wall + structure extending 4 feet
 +   into my western boundary, between DD-MM-2026 and
 +   DD-MM-2026.
 +
 +2. The encroachment violates:
 +   (a) the encroacher's sanctioned plan + setback
 +       requirements;
 +   (b) my registered ownership rights;
 +   (c) §263 (Maharashtra Municipal Corporation Act).
 +
 +3. The encroachment has blocked my rear gate.
 +
 +I request:
 +  (a) Immediate field verification + survey extract
 +      overlay;
 +  (b) Issue notice under §263 to the encroacher for
 +      7-day removal;
 +  (c) If unremoved, demolition + cost recovery;
 +  (d) Initiation of action against the encroacher's
 +      property tax + building tax records.
 +
 +I have separately filed FIR no. _______ under BNSS §322.
 +
 +Yours sincerely,
 +[Name, address, contact]
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Civil injunction petition skeleton ====
 +
 +<code>
 +IN THE COURT OF THE CIVIL JUDGE (SR. DIVISION)
 +        [District]
 +
 +OS No. _________ of 2026
 +
 +[Owner Name]                                ... Plaintiff
 +        [Address]
 +
 +vs.
 +
 +[Encroacher Name]                          ... Defendant
 +        [Address]
 +
 +PETITION UNDER CPC ORDER 39 RULES 1 AND 2 FOR
 +INTERIM AND PERMANENT INJUNCTION
 +
 +The plaintiff respectfully submits as under:
 +
 +[Pleadings — facts, prayer for ex-parte interim
 +injunction restraining further construction +
 +mandatory direction to remove existing encroachment.]
 +
 +Documents annexed:
 +  Annexure A — Sale deed
 +  Annexure B — Survey extract
 +  Annexure C — Photographs
 +  Annexure D — Google Maps location pin
 +  Annexure E — Witness affidavits
 +  Annexure F — Notice to defendant
 +  Annexure G — Sanctioned plan
 +
 +Verification: [Standard]
 +</code>
 +
 +===== Filing an RTI to land records / municipal =====
 +
 +<code>
 +PIO, [Municipal Corporation / Tahsildar / Sub-Registrar]
 +
 +Sub: Application under §6(1) RTI Act 2005
 +
 +Please furnish in respect of property at [Address]:
 +
 +1. Latest mutation / RTC / Patta extract.
 +2. Sanctioned building plan.
 +3. Property tax records for the last 5 years.
 +4. Any complaints of encroachment / unauthorised
 +   construction registered in the last 24 months.
 +5. Action taken on each, with reference numbers.
 +6. Any pending notices under municipal act.
 +7. The concerned Town Planning Officer / Encroachment
 +   Cell inspector.
 +
 +A reply is requested under §7(1) within 30 days.
 +
 +[Name, address, contact]
 +DD-MM-2026
 +</code>
 +
 +==== Case-law touchpoints ====
 +
 +//Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corporation// (1985) 3 SCC 545. //Sushil Kumar v. State of Haryana// (2018) Supreme Court — encroachment on public land cannot be regularised. //Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation v. Nawab Khan Gulab Khan// (1997) 11 SCC 121.
 +
 +===== Sources & internal links =====
 +
 +  * **State municipal corporation portals**
 +  * **Tahsildar / Revenue Inspector** offices
 +  * **Sub-Registrar / Land Records portals**
 +  * **State RERA portals**
 +  * **NCRP** — cybercrime.gov.in · 1930
 +  * **BNS 2024** — §62, §299, §351
 +  * **BNSS 2024** — §322, §175
 +  * **CPC 1908** — Order 39 Rule 1
 +  * **State Municipal Corporation Acts**
 +  * **Transfer of Property Act 1882** — §54
 +
 +Useful RTI Wiki tools:
 +
 +  * [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/tools/ai-rti-drafter|AI RTI Drafter]]
 +  * [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/tools/pio-reply-checker|PIO Reply Checker]]
 +  * [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/illegal-construction-complaint-india|Illegal construction complaint guide]]
 +  * [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/society-maintenance-harassment-india|Society maintenance harassment]]
 +  * [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/rti-act-2005-complete-guide|RTI Act 2005 — complete guide]]
 +
 +===== FAQ =====
 +
 +==== My neighbour's wall is exactly on the boundary — is that encroachment? ====
 +
 +Boundary walls on the line are typically permitted with both owners' consent. Without consent + survey verification = encroachment.
 +
 +==== The encroachment has been there for 30 years. Can I still remove it? ====
 +
 +**Adverse possession** under Limitation Act 1963 may apply after 12 years for private land or 30 years for government land. But continuous demand + protest interrupts the limitation period.
 +
 +==== Can I remove the encroachment myself? ====
 +
 +**No** — would amount to taking the law into your own hands. Municipal / civil court route is the legal path.
 +
 +==== The municipal corporation isn't acting. Recourse? ====
 +
 +RTI to corporation for action-taken status. Then High Court Article 226 writ for direction.
 +
 +==== Can I file PIL? ====
 +
 +Yes — for systemic encroachment. PIL before High Court can compel municipal action.
 +
 +==== The encroacher is a builder — what changes? ====
 +
 +Builder encroachment is also a RERA matter if RERA-registered. RERA can issue stop-work + demolition order.
 +
 +==== How much is the lawyer cost for civil injunction? ====
 +
 +₹15,000-₹50,000 for filing + initial hearings.
 +
 +==== Is satellite imagery admissible as evidence? ====
 +
 +Yes — Google Earth historical imagery + commercial satellite imagery admissible under Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023.
 +
 +==== Can I claim damages from the encroacher? ====
 +
 +Yes — civil suit can claim cost of restoration + consequential loss + mental agony.
 +
 +==== What if the encroacher claims he has my consent? ====
 +
 +Burden of proof is on him. Without written consent + signature + date + witnesses, claim fails.
 +
 +===== Myth vs reality =====
 +
 +^ Myth ^ Reality ^
 +| "Encroachment after 12 years cannot be removed." | Adverse possession requires uninterrupted, hostile, continuous occupation. Demand letters interrupt. |
 +| "Municipal corporation cannot remove without court order." | State municipal acts give corporations independent demolition power after notice. |
 +| "Filing FIR delays civil case." | Civil + criminal can run parallel. FIR strengthens civil case. |
 +| "Encroachment is too small to bother." | Even 1-foot encroachment compounds over time. |
 +| "Court takes years — better to settle." | Interim ex-parte injunction can issue in 24 hours. |
 +| "RTI doesn't reveal encroachment data." | Land records + sanctioned plans + complaints are all RTI-eligible. |
 +
 +===== Last word =====
 +
 +An encroachment in 2026 is not a permanent feature of urban India — municipal corporations + civil courts + state revenue offices + the BNSS + the Transfer of Property Act all combine to give every property owner real, enforceable recourse. Defence is **immediate documentation + 30-day complaint + parallel FIR + civil injunction**. Don't accept neighbours' or builders' or even municipal contractors' encroachment. The law is strongly on the property owner's side.
 +
 +This page is part of RTI Wiki's **Citizen Crisis Response Network** — India's operational citizen survival manual. Updates tracked through state municipal-act amendments, RERA orders, NCDRC orders, and CIC decisions.
 +===== Encroachment complaint guide India: How to report land encroachment and file RTI (2026) =====
 +
 +Encroachment complaint guide India — complete guide on reporting land encroachment and filing RTI:
 +
 +  - **Step 1: What is land encroachment?** (a) The land encroachment — is the unauthorized — occupation — or use — of the land — belonging — to another person — or the government — without — the legal right, (b) the types: (i) the private — land encroachment — by the neighbour — or the trespasser, (ii) the government — land encroachment — by the individual — or the builder, (iii) the forest — land encroachment — by the farmer — or the miner, (iv) the road — and the footpath — encroachment — by the shop — or the vendor, (c) the legal — provisions: (i) the Indian Penal Code — Section 441 — criminal trespass, (ii) the Indian Penal Code — Section 447 — punishment — for criminal trespass, (iii) the Specific Relief Act 1963 — Section 5-6 — recovery — of possession, (iv) the Revenue Code — of the state — for the government — land.
 +  - **Step 2: How to identify government land encroachment.** (a) the government — land — includes: (i) the revenue — land — (poramboke — natham — etc.), (ii) the forest — land, (iii) the railway — land, (iv) the water body — land — (tank — lake — river — etc.), (v) the road — and the footpath, (b) the identification: (i) check — the revenue — records — (patta — chitta — adangal — etc.) — at the taluk — office, (ii) check — the GIS — mapping — on the state — revenue — portal, (iii) check — the survey — map — with the surveyor, (c) the common — encroachments: (i) the builder — encroaches — on the natham — or the poramboke — and constructs — the building, (ii) the farmer — encroaches — on the forest — land — and cultivates, (iii) the shop — encroaches — on the footpath — and the road.
 +  - **Step 3: Complaint authority table — where to complain.** (a) Private land encroachment: (i) the authority: the Revenue Inspector — and the Tahsildar, (ii) the complaint: the written — complaint — with the survey — number — and the encroachment — details, (iii) the action: the survey — and the eviction, (b) Government revenue land: (i) the authority: the Tahsildar — and the Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO), (ii) the complaint: the written — complaint — with the survey — number, (iii) the action: the survey — and the eviction — under the Revenue Code, (c) Forest land: (i) the authority: the Forest Range Officer — and the DFO, (ii) the complaint: the written — complaint — with the survey — number, (iii) the action: the survey — and the eviction — under the Forest Act, (d) Railway land: (i) the authority: the Station Manager — and the Divisional Railway Manager, (ii) the complaint: the written — complaint, (iii) the action: the eviction — under the Railways Act, (e) Water body land: (i) the authority: the Tahsildar — and the PWD — Engineer, (ii) the complaint: the written — complaint, (iii) the action: the eviction — under the Revenue Code — and the Water Bodies — Protection Act, (f) Road/footpath: (i) the authority: the Municipal Commissioner — or the Panchayat — President, (ii) the complaint: the written — complaint, (iii) the action: the eviction — under the Municipal Act.
 +  - **Step 4: How to file a complaint.** (a) the written — complaint: (i) the complaint — should include: (a) the name — and the address — of the complainant, (b) the survey — number — and the location — of the encroached — land, (c) the name — and the address — of the encroacher, (d) the nature — of the encroachment — (construction — cultivation — occupation), (e) the date — of the encroachment — (if known), (f) the evidence — (photos — and the documents), (b) the submission: (i) submit — to the Tahsildar — or the RDO — or the Forest Officer — or the Municipal Commissioner — depending on the land — type, (ii) obtain — the acknowledgement — receipt, (c) the timeline: (i) the authority — must inspect — within 7 days, (ii) the action — must be taken — within 30 days.
 +  - **Step 5: How to file RTI for encroachment action.** (a) the Revenue Department — and the Forest Department — and the Municipal Corporation — are public authorities — under the RTI Act, (b) the RTI application — can ask: (i) "Provide the action — taken — on the complaint — [number] — filed on [date] — regarding the encroachment — on the survey — number [number] — at [village] — [taluk] — [district] — including: (a) the inspection — date, (b) the inspection — report, (c) the action — taken, (d) the eviction — status", (ii) "Provide the list — of the encroachment — cases — detected — and the action — taken — for the [village/taluk/district] — for the period [date] to [date] — including: (a) the survey number, (b) the encroacher — name, (c) the nature — of the encroachment, (d) the action — taken, (e) the eviction — status", (iii) "Provide the government — land — encroachment — status — report — for the [district] — including: (a) the total — government — land, (b) the encroached — land, (c) the evicted — land, (d) the pending — cases", (c) the application fee — is Rs 10.
 +  - **Step 6: Legal remedies if the authority does not act.** (a) the First Appeal: (i) file — with the higher — authority — (RDO — or the Collector — or the DFO), (ii) within 30 days — of the inaction, (b) the Second Appeal: (i) file — with the SIC — within 90 days, (c) the writ petition: (i) file — in the High Court — under Article 226 — for the direction — to the authority — to evict — the encroachment, (ii) the High Court — has held — that the government — land — encroachment — is a public — nuisance — and the eviction — is mandatory, (d) the criminal — complaint: (i) file — the FIR — under Section 441 — and 447 — IPC — for the criminal — trespass.
 +  - **Step 7: Practical tips.** (a) check — the revenue — records — and the survey — map — before complaining, (b) file — the written — complaint — with the correct — authority — and obtain — the acknowledgement, (c) file RTI — for the action — status — if the authority — does not act — within 30 days, (d) file the writ petition — in the High Court — if the authority — does not act — even after the RTI, (e) file the First Appeal — within 30 days — of the denial — or the silence, (f) Example: A citizen — found — that the builder — had encroached — on the natham — land — and filed — the complaint — with the Tahsildar — and the Tahsildar — did not act — for 30 days — and the citizen — filed RTI — for the action — status — and the Tahsildar — inspected — and evicted — the encroachment — within 15 days — and the citizen — also filed — the writ petition — in the High Court — for the compensation — for the delay.
 +
 +See [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/encroachment-complaint-guide-india|Encroachment Guide]] and [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/nri-property-india-illegal-sale-mutation-tenant-dispute|NRI Property]].
 +
 +{{tag>encroachment complaint india 2026 government land revenue forest rti eviction tahsildar 2026}}