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—cases:vinubhai-haribhai-malaviya-2019 [2026/08/26 23:17] (current) – created - external edit 127.0.0.1
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 +{{htmlmetatags>metatag-keywords=(Vinubhai Malaviya, Magistrate supervision, §156(3) CrPC, FIR)
 +metatag-description=(A CrPC ruling, not an RTI case — the Magistrate may order further investigation even after cognizance; the ally power when a FIR stalls. Vinubhai Malaviya SC 2019.)
 +metatag-title=(Vinubhai Haribhai Malaviya v. State of Gujarat — 2019)}}
 +====== Vinubhai Haribhai Malaviya v. State of Gujarat ======
 +
 +
 +
 +{{ :social:auto:cases-vinubhai-haribhai-malaviya-2019.png?direct&1200 |Vinubhai Haribhai Malaviya v. State of Gujarat — RTI Wiki}}
 +
 +<WRAP center round info 95%>
 +**Quick Reply:** **Not an RTI ruling** — a criminal-procedure landmark that pairs with RTI. A three-judge bench (N.V. Ramana, Mohan M. Shantanagoudar and Indira Banerjee JJ, **16 October 2019**, **(2019) 17 SCC 1**) held the **Magistrate may order further investigation even after taking cognizance**: §173(8) CrPC is not exhaustive, and the supervisory power under §156(3) survives. When your complaint's FIR stalls, this is the authority the magistrate route runs on — RTI meanwhile gets you the case's paper trail.
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +**Vinubhai Haribhai Malaviya v. State of Gujarat** (Supreme Court of India, 16 October 2019) //(2019) 17 SCC 1// is a **criminal-procedure ruling** — included here because citizens fighting FIR-inertia reach for it alongside RTI. The Magistrate has a continuing supervisory role over police investigation under §156(3) CrPC, and may order further investigation under §173(8) CrPC **even after cognizance**.
 +
 +===== Holding =====
 +
 +Magistrate has continuing supervisory role over investigation.
 +
 +===== Ratio =====
 +
 +The Magistrate has a continuing supervisory role over police investigation under §156(3) and §173(8) CrPC. Further investigation can be ordered even after submission of police report. Useful complement to RTI for FIR-not-registered cases.
 +
 +===== Bench and citation =====
 +
 +^ Court | Supreme Court of India (3-judge bench) |
 +^ Decided | 16 October 2019 |
 +^ Citation | (2019) 17 SCC 1 |
 +^ Bench | N.V. Ramana, Mohan M. Shantanagoudar, Indira Banerjee JJ |
 +^ Overruled | Abhinav J. Khare v. State of Karnataka line — that a Magistrate loses the power on cognizance |
 +
 +Full text: [[https://indiankanoon.org/doc/131202146/|Indian Kanoon]]
 +
 +===== Practitioner takeaway =====
 +
 +Two routes run in parallel: the **Magistrate application** (Vinubhai power) to move a stalled investigation, and the **RTI** to the police PIO for the FIR's status, the investigation diary's existence, and the final-report timeline. RTI supplies the record the magistrate application then uses.
 +
 +===== Citation =====
 +
 +  * **Citation:** (2019) 17 SCC 1
 +  * **Court:** Supreme Court of India
 +  * **Date:** 2019-10-16
 +  * **Outcome:** disposed
 +  * **Reporter / Cause-list:** (2019) 17 SCC 1
 +
 +
 +===== Why this case matters for citizens =====
 +
 +This ruling is part of the **300+ case-law corpus** at [[:cases|RTI Wiki Case-law Database]]. Every named case sets a precedent that you can cite in your own §19(1) First Appeal or §19(3) Second Appeal. Information Commissions and FAAs are bound to consider properly cited authority.
 +
 +===== Citizen action steps if your own RTI is being refused on similar grounds =====
 +
 +  - **Day 30** — silence by PIO = deemed refusal under §7(2). File §19(1) First Appeal in 30 days using [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/tools/first-appeal-app.html|First Appeal Builder]].
 +  - **Day 60-90** — if FAA also refuses, file §19(3) Second Appeal to the State Information Commission (or CIC for central authorities).
 +  - **Beyond 18 months pending** — writ petition under Article 226 to the High Court.
 +  - **Parallel CPGRAMS complaint** at pgportal.gov.in for service-delivery push.
 +
 +===== Citing this ruling in your appeal =====
 +
 +Use our [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/tools/citation-formatter-app.html|Citation Formatter]] to format the citation correctly. Pair with **Bhagat Singh v. CIC (2007)** (procedural objections) and **Adesh Kumar v. UoI (2014)** (irrelevance is not a ground) — these two Delhi HC rulings cover most everyday refusal scenarios.
 +
 +===== Related landmark RTI rulings =====
 +
 +  * [[:important-decisions:court:cpio-supreme-court-v-subhash-agarwal|CPIO Supreme Court v. Subhash Chandra Agarwal (Constitution Bench)]] — office of CJI is public authority
 +  * [[:important-decisions:court:anjali-bhardwaj-vs-union-of-india|Anjali Bhardwaj v. UoI]] — IC vacancies + transparency
 +  * [[:important-decisions:court:girish-ramchandra-deshpande|Girish Deshpande]] — §8(1)(j) personal information test
 +  * [[:important-decisions:court:bhagat-singh-vs-cic|Bhagat Singh v. CIC]] — procedural compliance
 +  * [[:important-decisions:court:irrelevant-information|Adesh Kumar v. UoI]] — irrelevance is not a ground
 +  * [[:cases|Full case-law database (300+)]]
 +
 +===== Related on RTI Wiki =====
 +
 +  * [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/tools/ai-rti-draft-app.html|AI RTI Drafter]]
 +  * [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/tools/first-appeal-app.html|First Appeal Builder]]
 +  * [[:important-decisions|Master directory of landmark RTI rulings]]
 +  * [[:act|RTI Act, 2005]]
 +
 +===== Original case metadata — Related =====
 +
 +  * [[:cases:search|RTI Case-Law Search — full corpus]]
 +  * [[:pio-faa-knowledge-base|PIO/FAA Knowledge Base]]
 +  * [[:pio-supreme-court-rulings|10 landmark Supreme Court RTI rulings]]
 +  * [[:pio-high-court-rulings|High Court RTI rulings]]
 +  * [[:landmark-cic-decisions|Landmark CIC decisions]]
 +  * [[:act|RTI Act, 2005 — full text]]
 +
 +//Editorial summary · corrected 27 August 2026: this is a CrPC ruling, not an RTI Act decision — the earlier framing tied it to a nonexistent "RTI — Section Magistrate supervision"; bench and citation verified ((2019) 17 SCC 1; Ramana, Shantanagoudar, Banerjee JJ; 16 October 2019).//
 +
 +{{tag>rti case-law cases sc 2019}}