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+{{htmlmetatags>metatag-keywords=(S.P. Gupta v. Union of India (Judges' Transfer),Supreme Court of India (Constitution Bench) RTI,open government,transparency,Article 19(1)(a),foundational)&metatag-description=(Right to information on matters of public interest inheres in Article 19[1][a]; limited by national security etc. Disclosure is the rule; secrecy the exception.)}}
+====== S.P. Gupta v. Union of India (Judges' Transfer) ======
+<WRAP center round info 95%>
+**Supreme Court of India (Constitution Bench)** · 1981-12-30 · AIR 1982 SC 149 · **★ Landmark**
+</WRAP>
+**Right to information on matters of public interest inheres in Article 19[1][a]; limited by national security etc. Disclosure is the rule; secrecy the exception.**
+//Disclosure is the rule; secrecy the exception. Open government is the basic rule.//
+===== Case details =====
+^ Court | Supreme Court of India (Constitution Bench) |
+^ Decided | 1981-12-30 |
+^ Citation | AIR 1982 SC 149 |
+^ Bench | P.N. Bhagwati, A.C. Gupta, S. Murtaza Fazal Ali, V.D. Tulzapurkar, D.A. Desai, R.S. Pathak, E.S. Venkataramiah |
+^ Petitioner | S.P. Gupta & Ors. |
+^ Respondent | Union of India |
+^ RTI Act sections | — |
+^ Outcome | Partly allowed |
+===== Outcome =====
+Right to information on matters of public interest inheres in Article 19(1)(a); limited by national security etc.
+===== Ratio decidendi =====
+The right to know emanates from the right of free speech and expression in Article 19(1)(a). Disclosure of information is the rule; concealment, the exception.
+===== Keywords =====
+open government, transparency, Article 19(1)(a), foundational
+===== Later rulings that cite this case =====
+  * [[/important-decisions/thalappalam-coop-vs-state-of-kerala|Thalappalam Service Coop Bank v. State of Kerala]] (SC 2013)
+  * [[/important-decisions/cbse-and-anr-vs-aditya-bandopadhyay|CBSE v. Aditya Bandopadhyay]] (SC 2011)
+  * [[/important-decisions/electoral-bonds-adr-2024|ADR v. Union of India (Electoral Bonds)]] (SC 2024)
+===== Similar cases in the corpus =====
+//These rulings have the closest editorial ratio to this case — computed by tf-idf cosine similarity over ratio, keywords and Act sections. Useful starting points if you are researching the same point of law.//
+  * [[/cases/state-of-up-v-raj-narain-1975-sc|State of U.P. v. Raj Narain]] (SC 1975)
+  * [[/cases/union-of-india-v-association-for-democratic-reforms-2002-sc|Union of India v. ADR (2002)]] (SC 2002)
+  * [[/important-decisions/electoral-bonds-adr-2024|ADR v. Union of India (Electoral Bonds)]] (SC 2024)
+  * [[/important-decisions/k-s-puttaswamy-vs-union-of-india|K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India]] (SC 2017)
+  * [[/important-decisions/court/cpio-supreme-court-v-subhash-agarwal|CPIO, Supreme Court of India v. Subhash Chandra Agarwal]] (SC 2019)
+===== Related =====
+  * [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/cases/search?court=SC|All Supreme Court of India (Constitution Bench) rulings in the corpus]]
+  * [[https://righttoinformation.wiki/cases/search?landmark=1|All landmark rulings]]
+  * [[:cases:search|Full case-law search]]
+  * [[:cases|Case-Law Database — overview]]
+  * [[:pio-rti-reply-guide|PIO RTI Reply Guide]]
+  * [[:act|The RTI Act, 2005 — annotated]]
+  * [[https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1294854/|External reported text →]]
+<WRAP center round alert 95%>
+**Editorial summary, not a certified report.** The ratio here is an editorial compression. Before citing this ruling in a PIO order, FAA speaking order, or any appellate filing, **verify against the full reported decision**. RTI Wiki is not a legal service.
+</WRAP>
+//Editorial summary · last reviewed 21 April 2026.//
+{{tag>case-law court-sc landmark}}