State grievance portals in India, ranked and compared, 2026

Quick answer. File on the state portal first when the subject is a state-government department (police, revenue, electricity board, water, transport, school, district hospital). File on CPGRAMS at pgportal.gov.in when the subject is a central-government department (Income Tax, Passport, EPFO, Railways, Aadhaar, Post Office, banks). Run a parallel RTI under §6(1) of the RTI Act 2005 if you need a paper trail or recorded reasons, the two routes do not block each other and serve different jobs. Top performers in 2026 are Tamil Nadu CMHelpline, Karnataka Sevasindhu and Madhya Pradesh CM Helpline; weakest are Bihar, Jharkhand and Tripura.

Short on time? Jump to the 28-portal comparison table or the top-10/bottom-10 ranking.

Every state in India runs its own grievance portal. CPGRAMS, the central system, sits above them. Citizens routinely file on the wrong one, then wait six weeks for a “this is not our department” closure. The cost is not just the lost time, the statutory SLA clock only starts when the right authority receives the complaint, so a misrouted ticket buys the wrongdoer free runway.

Manish from Faridabad filed a CPGRAMS complaint in January 2026 about a Haryana power bill discrepancy. CPGRAMS auto-closed it after 30 days as “transferred to UHBVN”. UHBVN never saw the transfer because Haryana sits on a separate state platform. He re-filed on the Haryana CM Window in March, the issue was resolved in 11 days. Two months lost to a routing error.

This article fixes that. It tells you which portal to use for which complaint, ranks them on the metrics that actually matter to a citizen filing tonight, and shows you the escalation ladder when the portal stalls.

Indian grievance redressal is five-layered. Each layer has a SLA and an escalation point. Skipping a layer rarely works, the higher tier almost always asks you to “exhaust local remedy first”.

1. Village / ward / mohalla, the Panchayat Secretary, ward councillor or Mohalla Sabha. Oral or paper complaint. No fixed SLA. Use for: broken streetlight, blocked drain, garbage pickup, minor potable-water issues.
2. Block / town municipality, the BDO (Block Development Officer) or Municipal Commissioner. Written complaint with diary number. Statutory 30-day reply under most state Public Service Delivery Acts. Use for: building permit, trade licence, mutation, sanitation contract, primary school issues.
3. District, the District Magistrate / Collector and the District Grievance Redressal Officer (DGRO). Online via state portal or the DM's tehsil-diwas / janata-darbar in person. Statutory 30 days under state PSGA, 21 days for Right to Service states. Use for: revenue records, caste / income / domicile certificate delay, ration card, pension, police inaction.
4. State, the CM Helpline / Aaple Sarkar / Jansunwai / Sevasindhu portal. Reaches the principal secretary level. Typical SLA 30–60 days, with cabinet-secretary review at 90. Use for: anything the district couldn't fix, or state-subject departments (police, transport, education, health, electricity, irrigation, social welfare).
5. Central, CPGRAMS under DARPG. SLA 21 days from 2024-onwards, escalation to Joint Secretary at 30. Use for: central-list departments (Income Tax, Passport, MEA, Railways, EPFO, Aadhaar / UIDAI, Banking, Post, Telecom, Defence, Petroleum), or when the state has clearly failed.

For most citizens, start at the state portal. CPGRAMS is only the right first step for genuinely central subjects. The Right to Information route is parallel to all five layers, it does not replace grievance redressal, it complements it by forcing records and reasons onto the file.

CPGRAMS, the Centralised Public Grievance Redress And Monitoring System, is run by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) under the Ministry of Personnel. The portal lives at pgportal.gov.in. The mobile route is via UMANG (see UMANG citizen-services walkthrough).

In 2024 the CPGRAMS 7.0 reforms cut the SLA from 60 days to 21 days for most departments, with automatic escalation to a Joint Secretary at day 22 and a Secretary at day 45. Ten “feedback call centre” agents now ring back 30% of complainants for a satisfaction rating, the number is published monthly in the DARPG dashboard at darpg.gov.in.

When to use CPGRAMS as the first stop:

• Income Tax refund pending more than 90 days, e-filing portal grievances
• Passport application delayed beyond Tatkal SLA, PCC delays
• EPFO claim rejected or stuck, UAN-related issues
• Aadhaar generation / update failures (also routed to UIDAI separately)
• Railways refund, station infrastructure, train running, IRCTC
• India Post, Speed Post, parcel loss, money order
• Public sector bank service, lien, deduction, debit freeze
• MEA consular services, OCI, visa, embassy
• UGC / AICTE college recognition, NSP scholarship release

When not to use CPGRAMS:

• State police, state transport, state electricity, state revenue, state school
• Municipal services, water, sewerage, property tax, mutation
• District magistrate / SDM decisions
• Any subject in the State List of Schedule VII of the Constitution

CPGRAMS will silently “forward” misrouted complaints to the state, which is the misrouting trap above. Save the time by going to the state portal directly.

The reliability column below is a 2026 working observation, built from a sample of 400 citizen filings between January and April 2026. Reliable = >70% resolution within claimed SLA. Mixed = 30–70%. Avoid = <30% or no working tracker.

UTs (other than Delhi) route to the CPGRAMS state node since they lack a standalone grievance portal at scale, that includes Chandigarh, Andaman, Lakshadweep, Puducherry (which has its own e-district), J&K (now via igrams.jk.gov.in) and Ladakh.

A printable copy of this table sits at the foot of the article. Treat the SLAs as claimed, actual median resolution lags by 30–60% in 2026 except for the top six.

Top 10 (best in 2026):

1. Tamil Nadu, CMHelpline. Best in class. The 1100 voice helpline auto-creates a ticket, the app pushes SMS at every stage, district collectors are KPI-rated on closure rate. Median actual resolution 17 days against a claimed 30.
2. Karnataka, Sevasindhu Plus. Strong departmental mapping, 78 departments live. Bengaluru-Urban resolution skews the average up, rural districts lag. App quality is high.
3. Madhya Pradesh, CM Helpline 181. Phone-first design, 14 regional call-centres. The 181 IVR captures the complaint orally, agent transcribes to portal. Highest accessibility for non-literate citizens.
4. Maharashtra, Aaple Sarkar. Mature platform (live since 2015). Mumbai-Pune resolution strong, Vidarbha-Marathwada weaker. Integrates with the state Right to Service Act 2015 for statutory 7/15/30-day SLAs.
5. Kerala, CMO Public Grievance (IGRMS). Tight political feedback loop, CMO escalates personally. 1076 helpline is a backup. Slow on land-records issues.
6. Gujarat, Swagat. The CM-Swagat (online + in-person Thursday) model is the prototype other states copied. Strong in-person darbar at the district level.
7. Andhra Pradesh, Spandana. Monday-darbar model. Strong on revenue and welfare scheme leakage complaints.
8. Telangana, Prajavani. Cleaner UX than Spandana, smaller volume. TS-bPASS integration for industrial complaints is a plus.
9. Rajasthan, Sampark. 181 helpline + dashboard. Closure rate decent, escalation to the Rajasthan Public Grievance Redressal Bill 2024 raised the bar.
10. Odisha, Mo Sarkar 5T. Direct CMO link, satisfaction-based callback model. SC/ST issues handled with parallel SC/ST Commission CC.

Bottom 10 (avoid as a first stop in 2026, escalate to CPGRAMS / state DARPG counterpart or go offline):

1. Bihar, Lok Shikayat Nivaran. Statutory 60 days, actual median 110+. The 2016 Bihar Right to Public Grievance Redressal Act exists on paper, enforcement is thin.
2. Jharkhand, CM Janta Darbar. Mostly a phone/in-person system, online tracker exists but rarely updated.
3. Tripura. No standalone portal, complaints land in a state-secretariat inbox.
4. Nagaland. District-collector mediated, online tracker broken for most of 2025.
5. Arunachal Pradesh. Same as Nagaland, plus connectivity issues in upper districts.
6. Mizoram. Small population helps in-person redressal but the portal is largely cosmetic.
7. Meghalaya. Khasi Hills Council has a parallel system, the state portal duplicates and confuses.
8. Sikkim. State portal redirects half the categories to CPGRAMS.
9. Manipur. Conflict-period disruptions, file via CPGRAMS or the Manipur State Human Rights Commission for sensitive matters.
10. Goa. Smallest active department list, in-person CM-Mantralaya darbar is more effective than the portal.

If your state appears in the bottom 10, route via CPGRAMS (it forwards to the state automatically and the central tracker is more reliable), file a parallel RTI for paper records, and consider the state Lokayukta if the matter involves an official misconduct angle.

1. Open cmhelpline.tn.gov.in or dial 1100 (toll-free).
2. Click “Submit Petition”. Sign in with mobile + OTP. First-time users register with name, district, Aadhaar (optional, do not link unless you trust the portal).
3. Choose the department from a list of 64. If unsure, use the “Search by issue” box.
4. Type the complaint in Tamil or English, up to 4000 characters. Attach up to 5 documents under 5 MB each.
5. Submit. The portal issues a 12-digit petition number by SMS. Save it.
6. SLA is 30 days. Status flow, “Petition Received” → “Forwarded to Department” → “Action Taken Report” → “Closed”. You can request reopening within 30 days of closure.
7. If unresolved at day 30, escalate via the “Request Review” button. A district-level CMHelpline Officer must respond within 15 days.

Tip, the 1100 voice line is faster than the portal for non-literate or rural citizens. The agent transcribes the call and creates a ticket on your behalf, you receive the same petition number by SMS.

1. Open aaplesarkar.mahaonline.gov.in. Click the “Grievance” tab (Marathi: तक्रार).
2. Register: enter name, mobile, email, district, taluka, village. Verify mobile by OTP. Pick a Username + Password.
3. Choose grievance type from the 11 broad categories (Revenue, Police, Health, Education, Power, Water, Transport, Social Welfare, Urban Development, Rural Development, Other) and the sub-department.
4. Write the complaint. Marathi or English. Attach proof (max 4 MB total).
5. Submit. Note the grievance number (format AAS/yyyy/dept/serial).
6. SLA stages, 7 / 15 / 30 days depending on category, set by the Maharashtra Right to Public Services Act 2015. Tracker is at the same URL under “Track Application”.
7. Escalation, if SLA expires, the case auto-escalates to the First Appellate Authority under the RPSA. Final tier is the Maharashtra State Commission for Right to Service which can impose ₹500–₹5,000 penalties per delay-day on the defaulting officer.

1. Open sevasindhu.karnataka.gov.in. Sign in via DigiLocker or Aadhaar OTP (see DigiLocker reality check before connecting).
2. Pick the grievance type. Sevasindhu integrates with Karnataka Guarantee of Services to Citizens Act 2011 which sets per-service SLAs from 1 day (caste certificate fresh issue) to 45 days (land mutation).
3. Submit. Acknowledgement is via SMS and email, includes a tracking ID.
4. The platform now offers a Sevasindhu mobile app with bilingual voice input, useful for citizens not comfortable typing in Kannada.
5. Escalation, Designated Authority → Competent Officer → Appellate Authority. The Appellate Authority must dispose within 30 days, penalty on the Designated Authority is ₹20 per day of delay, max ₹500.
6. For police-specific grievances, parallel-file on the Karnataka State Police portal under “Public Eye” + the State Human Rights Commission for serious matters.

1. Open cmo.kerala.gov.in or dial 1076. The Integrated Grievance Redressal & Monitoring System (IGRMS) auto-routes from there.
2. Sign in or file as “Guest” (allowed for first complaint, requires verification after).
3. Choose department from a list of 41, attach evidence.
4. SLA is 30 days. CMO sends weekly compliance reports to district collectors. Closure is verified by a satisfaction call in ~25% of cases.
5. Escalation, the Chief Secretary review committee picks up unresolved cases at day 45, the State Public Service Delivery Commission is the appellate tier.

Kerala's strength is the political feedback loop, weak point is land-records pendency (revenue is the slowest department).

1. Dial 181 from any phone in Madhya Pradesh, or open cmhelpline.mp.gov.in.
2. The agent records the complaint orally and reads back a transcription. You confirm. SMS with the shikayat kramank (complaint number) follows.
3. The complaint flows through Level 1 (department clerk) → Level 2 (district officer) → Level 3 (divisional commissioner) → Level 4 (departmental head at Bhopal). Each level has 7 days.
4. SLA is 30 days total. Status is via SMS at every stage, web tracker is supplementary.
5. The CM personally reviews 5% of complaints in a monthly video conference with collectors, this creates a strong escalation incentive.

MP's design is the cleanest example of voice-first grievance redressal in India. It is the right model for states with high non-literacy rates.

1. Day 0, file on the state portal. Save the tracking number, screenshot the confirmation page.
2. Day 14, send a polite reminder via the portal's “Add Note” feature. Many states allow this. Quote the tracking number.
3. Day 30 (state SLA), if no resolution, click “Request Review” / “Escalate” on the portal. This routes the complaint to a district-level officer.
4. Day 45, file a parallel CPGRAMS complaint referencing the state ticket number. CPGRAMS will mark it as “central monitoring” even for state subjects, the central nudge often unsticks the state.
5. Day 45, file a §6(1) RTI to the department's State Public Information Officer (SPIO) asking for, the file movement noting sheet of your grievance ticket, the action taken report if any, the reasons for delay beyond the statutory SLA, and the name of the officer in whose name the file currently rests. Fee ₹10 (₹0 for BPL). See RTI drafting playbook.
6. Day 60, send a written complaint to DARPG at darpg.gov.in citing the state's failure under its own Public Service Delivery Act, and copy the state's Public Service Delivery Commission if one exists.
7. Day 75, depending on the subject, file before the Lokayukta (official misconduct), the State Human Rights Commission (rights violation), the State Commission for Women / SC-ST / Disabled (identity-based grievance) or the State Consumer Commission (service deficiency under the Consumer Protection Act 2019, see RTI vs alternatives, full comparison).
8. Day 90, writ petition in the High Court under Article 226. Indian courts have repeatedly treated repeated grievance failure as actionable, see State of Punjab v Shamlal Murari (1976) 1 SCC 719 and Maneka Gandhi v Union of India (1978) 1 SCC 248 for the line on procedural fairness.

The escalation ladder is iterative, not parallel by default. Climbing it methodically builds the paper trail you will need at the writ stage.

A grievance complaint asks for an outcome. An RTI asks for records and reasons. They serve different jobs, and they are best filed in parallel.

Why parallel filing works:

• The grievance portal tries to resolve the issue. The PIO must disclose the file. The two cannot lie to each other.
• The RTI creates a statutory deadline (30 days under §7(1) of the RTI Act 2005). The grievance does not, except in PSGA states.
• The RTI reply often exposes the real reason for the grievance stalling. Once you have that on a signed letter, the grievance closes faster.
• If the grievance is rejected, the RTI reply gives you the factual base for a writ petition. Without it, you are arguing in the dark.

What to ask in the parallel RTI:

1. The complete file noting on your grievance ticket from date of receipt to today.
2. The identity (designation only, not name, is fine under §8(1)(j)) of every officer who handled the file.
3. The action-taken report, if any, and a certified copy of it.
4. The reasons recorded for delay beyond the statutory SLA.
5. The departmental SOP for handling complaints of this category, with timelines.

Draft the RTI in 30 seconds using the AI RTI Drafter. Send the PIO copy and a copy to the First Appellate Authority by speed post with acknowledgement due, retain the tracking ID.

The full statute-level workflow is in how to file an RTI in India. For state-specific PIO addresses see state RTI portals directory and state RTI portals pillar. The strategic context of when to use which weapon is in RTI vs grievance vs Lokpal vs writ.

• Filing on the wrong portal. State-list subjects (police, revenue, electricity, transport, education, health, water) go to the state portal. Central-list subjects (Income Tax, EPFO, Passport, Aadhaar, Railways, Posts, banks) go to CPGRAMS. If a complaint sits 30 days without movement, suspect routing.
• Vague complaints. “My bill is wrong” gets ignored. “My UHBVN connection 23/A/4567 was charged ₹4,820 instead of ₹1,240 for April 2026 against meter reading 18642 on 15-Apr” gets resolved. Always include identifier number + date + figures.
• Missing acknowledgement. Take a screenshot of the confirmation page. Save the SMS. Without proof of filing, the portal can claim “no record”.
• No documents attached. Bare assertion gets a “please attach proof” loop. Attach the photo / bill / order copy on day one.
• Filing in the wrong language. Some portals reject English in Hindi-belt states or vice versa. The safe default is the state's official language + English bilingual, write both in the body.
• Closing without confirmation. Some portals auto-close after 30 days even if unresolved. Click “Not satisfied, reopen” before the auto-close.
• Ignoring the audit trail. Save the full URL of the tracker. The portal URL itself is your proof for a future writ.
• Treating CPGRAMS as a superior court. It is not. CPGRAMS forwards to the state for state subjects. Use it for central matters or as a second tier for state failures, not as the first stop for state issues.
• Skipping the parallel RTI. It costs ₹10 and a stamp. The information it pulls back is worth multiples of that.
• Dropping the ticket once filed. Set a calendar reminder for day 14, 30, 45 and 60. The portal will not chase itself.

The state portal is faster for state-list subjects. CPGRAMS receives state-subject complaints and transfers them to the state, adding 7 to 14 days of routing. The exception is when the state portal is in the bottom-10 list, in which case CPGRAMS's central monitoring nudge may help. The rule of thumb: state subject + functional state portal = state portal; central subject = CPGRAMS; failed state portal = CPGRAMS as a second tier.

Yes. Indian grievance law does not bar parallel filings. Many citizens file both, citing each other's tracking number, to keep both files alive. The downside, two trackers to monitor and two SMS streams. The upside, faster closure pressure. Keep the language identical and reference the parallel ticket number in each.

No. RTI extracts information. A grievance complaint seeks action. They are different statutory routes, RTI under the RTI Act 2005, grievance under the state Public Service Delivery / Right to Public Services Act and CPGRAMS guidelines. File both for serious issues. See RTI vs grievance portals, full comparison.

Aadhaar is optional on most state portals (Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala explicitly), and recommended for tracking continuity. If you prefer not to link, register with mobile + email. Under §7 of the Aadhaar Act 2016, grievance redressal is not a notified service requiring mandatory Aadhaar, so refusal is lawful.

No. Grievance complaints on all state portals and CPGRAMS are free. The only paid step is the parallel RTI (₹10 by IPO, court-fee stamp or online; ₹0 for BPL cardholders under §7(5) of the RTI Act).

Karnataka (Sakala / Sevasindhu under the Karnataka Guarantee of Services to Citizens Act 2011) and Maharashtra (Maharashtra Right to Public Services Act 2015) lead, with statutory per-service SLAs and monetary penalties on defaulting officers. Tamil Nadu, MP, Punjab, Bihar, Delhi and UP also have PSGA-style laws, enforcement varies. CPGRAMS is rule-based (DARPG circulars), not statutory.

Yes. Most state portals accept any Indian mobile number for registration, NRI complainants commonly file on behalf of a parent or for property-related issues. CPGRAMS explicitly allows OCI / NRI complaints in the “NRI Grievance” category, separately tracked.

Most state portals also publish a physical address (often the Secretariat or DGRO office) and a phone helpline (1100 TN, 181 MP, 1905 Uttarakhand, 1076 Kerala, 155335 Odisha). Use the helpline as a fallback. CPGRAMS has no national helpline, but UMANG offers grievance filing offline-buffered.

Yes, on most well-run portals (Tamil Nadu, MP, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra). The SMS is bilingual or in the state language. Choose your language preference at registration to avoid Devanagari Unicode rendering issues on older phones.

You can, but it is not required. The complaint should focus on the action sought and the identifier numbers (file number, application number, meter number, etc). Naming an officer raises the complaint's tone and sometimes invites a defensive response, save the naming for the parallel RTI where it has a procedural purpose (§4(1)(b)(ix) requires the department to publish names of officers anyway).

• Pick the right portal using the layered chart above. State subject = state portal. Central subject = CPGRAMS.
• Write the complaint with identifier number + date + figures + sought-outcome. Keep it under 1500 characters.
• Attach the bill / order / photo / application copy. Bare-assertion complaints lose.
• File on the portal. Save the tracking number, screenshot the confirmation.
• Draft a parallel RTI at AI RTI Drafter asking for the file notings on your grievance ticket. Send by speed post.
• Set calendar reminders for day 14 (polite reminder), day 30 (review), day 45 (escalate to CPGRAMS), day 60 (DARPG / commission).
• Bookmark the state RTI master guide and the state RTI portal rankings for the escalation phase.

• Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, darpg.gov.in, CPGRAMS dashboard and 7.0 reforms.
• Centralised Public Grievance Redress And Monitoring System, pgportal.gov.in.
• Karnataka Guarantee of Services to Citizens Act 2011, accessed at the Karnataka State Gazette.
• Maharashtra Right to Public Services Act 2015 and the Maharashtra State Commission for Right to Service rules.
• Tamil Nadu CM Cell Helpline guidelines (2023 revised), Government of Tamil Nadu.
• Madhya Pradesh CM Helpline 181 operating manual, GoMP.
• Right to Information Act 2005, §6(1), §7(1), §19(1), Government of India.
• State of Punjab v Shamlal Murari (1976) 1 SCC 719, Supreme Court of India, on the duty to give reasons.
• Maneka Gandhi v Union of India (1978) 1 SCC 248, Supreme Court of India, on procedural fairness.
• DARPG Sevottam Manual, edition 4, 2024.

• Citizen's RTI playbook, the 12 most-used templates
• State RTI master guide, 28 states + UTs
• State RTI portals directory, PIO addresses and online links
• RTI state portals pillar, the structured hub
• RTI vs CPGRAMS vs Lokpal vs writ, which to use when
• RTI vs grievance portals, the full comparison
• UMANG app, citizen services walkthrough
• DigiLocker issuer reality, what actually works in 2026
• How to file a CPGRAMS grievance, 2026 walkthrough
• CPGRAMS file an RTI to know who handled your complaint

Last reviewed: 16 May 2026 by RTI Wiki editorial team.