Part of the Health Insurance Claim Recovery Series by RightToInformation.Wiki.
Your relative is in a hospital bed, the cashless desk just said “claim not approved, please pay cash”, the family is panicking, and the discharge slip is being printed with a five or six figure number on it. Or you have already paid out of pocket, submitted every bill to the Third Party Administrator (TPA), and forty days later a one-line email says “claim repudiated”. Health insurance in India is a regulated product. Insurers cannot reject a valid claim arbitrarily. The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) runs a free grievance portal, a free Insurance Ombudsman, and a free consumer commission route. This guide gives you the exact 30-minute first response, the evidence to lock down, the four-tier complaint ladder, two ready-to-send sample letters, and ten FAQs covering pre-existing disease denials, sub-limits, network hospital refusals, and PM-JAY grievances.
If your health insurance claim has been rejected, first ask for a written rejection reason, collect hospital bills and policy documents, complain to the insurer's grievance officer, then escalate through Bima Bharosa, Insurance Ombudsman, or consumer court depending on the facts.
Claim just rejected? Do not pay, sign, or discharge until you have the rejection in writing. Email the TPA and insurer at the desk, demand a written denial letter citing the policy clause and reason. Photograph the discharge summary, ICP (in-patient case papers), and every bill before you leave. File the insurer grievance with the Grievance Redressal Officer (GRO) listed at policyholder.gov.in. Insurer must reply in 15 working days under IRDAI (Protection of Policyholders' Interests) Operations Regulations 2024. No reply or unsatisfactory reply, file free at bimabharosa.irdai.gov.in (helpline 155255 or 1800-4254-732, email [email protected]). If still unresolved in 30 days, escalate to the Insurance Ombudsman at cioins.co.in (free, claim up to Rs 50 lakh, award binding on insurer). Parallel route is the District/State Consumer Commission via edaakhil.nic.in under the Consumer Protection Act 2019. Never accept a verbal denial. Never delete WhatsApp chats with the TPA.
If you are short on time, jump to the first 30 minutes and the sample letters block.
A 58-year-old parent is admitted at 2 a.m. with chest pain at a network hospital in Pune. The family hands the cashless desk the policy card and Aadhaar. By 8 a.m. the TPA says cashless is “under review”. By 1 p.m. an angiography has been done, two stents placed, and the cashless desk now says “claim denied, suspected pre-existing coronary artery disease, please settle the bill”. The bill is Rs 4.6 lakh. The family pays from a savings account and a credit card, takes discharge at 11 p.m., and submits a reimbursement claim with every receipt the next week. Forty-three days later the insurer emails: “claim repudiated under policy clause 7.1 (b), non-disclosure of pre-existing disease”. The parent has held the policy for six and a half years and has never been hospitalised before. This guide is written for exactly this family. Section 45 of the Insurance Act 1938 bars the insurer from doing what they just did, but the family has to know how to invoke it. The same playbook works for cashless denial at admission, reimbursement repudiation after discharge, partial settlement (insurer pays only part of the bill), and delay beyond 30 days.
Indian retail health insurance crossed 70 million covered lives in 2025 and growing. Claim repudiation runs at roughly 11 to 15 per cent across the industry, much higher at certain insurers. The common reasons are non-disclosure of pre-existing disease (PED), waiting period not over, sub-limit exhausted (room rent cap, ICU cap, disease cap), “not a hospital” definition failures, day-care procedure not in the listed schedule, “investigation only” admissions of less than 24 hours, and the reasonable and customary clause being applied without a reason. Most of these have a regulatory counter built into the IRDAI Master Circular on Health Insurance Business dated 29 May 2024, the IRDAI (Protection of Policyholders' Interests) Operations Regulations 2024, and the Insurance Act 1938. The trouble is that the citizen rarely reads the policy schedule, rarely keeps a paper trail, and almost never asks for the denial in writing. That is what this guide fixes.
If your cashless was just denied at admission, or a TPA agent at the discharge desk is telling you “sorry sir, claim not approved”, do these seven things before you do anything else.
Tier-1 to Tier-4 escalation should never be skipped. The Ombudsman will ask “did you write to the insurer first?” and refuse to admit your case if you did not.
Insurer says “you did not disclose diabetes / hypertension / coronary disease at the time of proposal”. Counter: invoke §45 of the Insurance Act 1938. If your policy is more than three years old (counted from issue date or last reinstatement) the insurer cannot repudiate on PED grounds unless they prove fraud, not mere non-disclosure. Demand the proposal form copy. Most TPAs do not have it, ask under the IRDAI Master Circular 2024 disclosure clause.
Most policies have a 30-day initial waiting period (except accidents), a 24-month wait for listed diseases, and a 36 to 48-month PED wait. Counter: if the admission is for an emergency that is not on the listed schedule, the waiting period does not apply. The 2024 Master Circular states that emergency hospitalisation cannot be denied for waiting period in life-threatening cases.
Room rent cap, ICU cap, ailment cap (cataract Rs 25,000, knee replacement Rs 1.5 lakh, etc.). Counter: sub-limits must be disclosed in the policy schedule and KFD. If they are buried in a 60-page document and never highlighted at proposal stage, raise the standardisation of exclusions clause from the 2020 IRDAI exclusion guidelines. Many sub-limits have been struck down by Ombudsmen as unconscionable.
The insurer says the facility does not qualify as a hospital under the policy definition (typically 10 beds in metros, 15 in non-metros, 24-hour nursing, registered with the state). Counter: get the hospital registration number and state licence. If the place qualifies, this denial is invalid. If it does not qualify, you have a hospital-selection problem, not an insurer problem.
Modern policies list 150+ day-care procedures. Counter: if your procedure is not in the list but is a recognised medical procedure that required less than 24 hours due to technology (e.g., laser, cataract, lithotripsy), the IRDAI 2024 circular says it must be covered.
This is the worst trap. Counter: cashless denial is not a claim denial. The insurer must issue a separate written rejection on the reimbursement claim, citing reasons. If they just point back to the cashless denial, that is procedurally bad and the Ombudsman will set it aside.
Less than 24 hours admission is often denied as “investigation”. Counter: get the treating doctor's necessity letter (step 4 above). If treatment, not just diagnosis, was given, it is a valid hospitalisation.
Insurer pays less than the bill, cuts unreasonable charges. Counter: ask in writing what the reasonable rate is, where it is published, and how the insurer arrived at it. The 2024 Master Circular requires the insurer to publish empanelled hospital rate cards. If they cannot show one, the cut is arbitrary.
Every insurer publishes a GRO with name, email, phone, and postal address on the company website and on policyholder.gov.in (IRDAI's policyholder complaint channels directory). Email the GRO with the claim number, policy number, rejection letter, your reply line by line, and a clear demand (approve and pay the claim of Rs X with interest). Send by registered post too for hard evidence. 15 working days clock starts the day of email.
If the GRO does not reply, or replies unsatisfactorily, file at bimabharosa.irdai.gov.in. Free, online, no advocate, no stamp paper. You will get a token number, track it on the same portal. The portal forwards the complaint to the insurer with an IRDAI watermark. Insurer must reply in 15 working days. Helpline 155255 (toll-free) or 1800-4254-732. Email [email protected]. Postal route to IRDAI, Sy. No. 115/1, Financial District, Nanakramguda, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032. Background and history at IRDAI IGMS page.
If Bima Bharosa does not give a satisfactory result in 30 days, escalate to the Insurance Ombudsman. Seventeen regional offices, the office is decided by your residence pincode, not the insurer's HQ. Free. Claim limit Rs 50 lakh (raised from Rs 30 lakh in 2024). Award binding on the insurer, you can still go to consumer court if you do not like it. Apply on cioins.co.in online (Form P-II) or by post. Filing deadline is one year from the insurer's final reply. Read the Ombudsman procedure page before you file. Take all documents, the rejection letter, the GRO reply, the Bima Bharosa token, your medical records, and your bills.
Under the Consumer Protection Act 2019, denial of a valid insurance claim is deficiency in service. File at the District Commission (up to Rs 50 lakh claim value), State Commission (Rs 50 lakh to Rs 2 crore), or National Commission (above Rs 2 crore). Use the e-Daakhil online consumer commission filing guide and the deeper consumer court filing pillar for the step-by-step. You can claim the rejected amount, 9 per cent annual interest from the date of bill, mental harassment compensation (Rs 25,000 to Rs 5 lakh is routine), and litigation costs. Filing fee is nominal, Rs 100 to Rs 5,000 depending on claim value.
Reserved for systemic policy violations (e.g., insurer ignoring IRDAI circular industry-wide). Very rarely needed for an individual claim. Skip unless your lawyer specifically recommends it.
From: [Your Name] [Your registered email] [Your mobile] To: 1. The Grievance Redressal Officer, [Insurer Name], [Insurer registered office address] Email: [GRO email from policyholder.gov.in] 2. [TPA Name] Email: [TPA grievance email] CC: [email protected], [email protected] Subject: Demand for written rejection letter, Policy No. [XXXX], Claim No. [YYYY], hospitalisation dated [DD/MM/YYYY] Sir / Madam, 1. I am the policyholder under Policy No. [XXXX], in force since [DD/MM/YYYY]. The insured, [Name], was hospitalised at [Hospital] from [date] to [date] for [diagnosis]. Bill amount Rs [amount]. 2. The TPA / hospital cashless desk verbally informed us at [time / date] that the cashless request has been denied / the reimbursement claim has been repudiated. No written rejection letter citing the policy clause and reason has been provided. 3. Under the IRDAI (Protection of Policyholders' Interests) Operations Regulations 2024 and the IRDAI Master Circular on Health Insurance Business dated 29 May 2024, the insurer is bound to communicate every claim decision in writing with the policy clause cited. 4. I therefore demand within 7 working days: (a) The written rejection letter on insurer letterhead. (b) The exact policy clause invoked. (c) The claim file reference number. (d) A copy of the medical committee minutes, if the claim was reviewed by one. 5. Failing a satisfactory response within 15 working days, I will escalate to the IRDAI Bima Bharosa portal, the Insurance Ombudsman, and the District Consumer Commission with claim for the principal amount, 9% interest, mental harassment compensation, and costs. Yours faithfully, [Your Name] [Date] Enclosures: copy of policy schedule, hospital final bill, discharge summary
Subject: Repudiation of valid health insurance claim, deficiency
in service, Policy No. [XXXX], Claim No. [YYYY], Insurer [Name]
Complaint:
I am the policyholder under Policy No. [XXXX] issued by [Insurer]
in force since [DD/MM/YYYY]. The insured [Name] was hospitalised
at [Hospital] from [date] to [date] for [diagnosis]. The bill was
Rs [amount].
The insurer / TPA has [denied cashless at admission OR repudiated
the reimbursement claim on DD/MM/YYYY] citing clause [number] of
the policy, namely [reason]. I have replied in writing on
[DD/MM/YYYY] explaining why this clause does not apply, citing
Section 45 of the Insurance Act 1938 / Master Circular dated
29 May 2024 / Clause [X] of the policy schedule.
The insurer has not responded in 15 working days as required by
the IRDAI (Protection of Policyholders' Interests) Operations
Regulations 2024.
Relief sought:
(i) Direction to the insurer to settle the claim in full,
Rs [amount].
(ii) Interest at 8.5% from the date of bill till payment per
IRDAI Master Circular 2024.
(iii) An IRDAI direction to the insurer to amend its internal
claims manual.
Documents attached: policy schedule, KFD, claim form, rejection
letter, GRO reply, hospital bill, discharge summary, ICP.
LEGAL NOTICE
Under Section 12 of the Consumer Protection Act 2019
From: [Your Name], R/o [Address]
Through counsel [Advocate Name] (or in person)
To: 1. The Managing Director, [Insurer Name],
[Registered Office Address]
2. The Grievance Redressal Officer, [Insurer Name]
3. [TPA Name], [Address]
Subject: Deficiency in service, repudiation of valid health
insurance claim, demand for settlement with interest and damages
Sir,
1. My client, [Name], is the policyholder of [Policy Name], Policy
No. [XXXX] continuously in force since [DD/MM/YYYY]. All premiums
have been paid in full and on time.
2. The insured was hospitalised at [Hospital] from [dates] for
[diagnosis]. Total cost of treatment was Rs [amount], paid out
of pocket under protest. Reimbursement claim was filed on
[DD/MM/YYYY] with claim no. [YYYY].
3. On [DD/MM/YYYY] the insurer repudiated the claim under clause
[X] alleging [reason]. The repudiation is bad in law because:
(a) Section 45 of the Insurance Act 1938 bars repudiation on
grounds of non-disclosure after three years.
(b) The IRDAI Master Circular dated 29 May 2024 prohibits
arbitrary denial without medical committee review.
(c) The policy clause invoked does not apply on facts.
(d) No reasoned written rejection has been served as required
by the IRDAI (Protection of Policyholders' Interests)
Operations Regulations 2024.
4. My client has exhausted the insurer GRO route and the IRDAI
Bima Bharosa portal. No satisfactory relief has been granted.
5. My client therefore calls upon you to, within fifteen (15)
days of receipt of this notice:
(i) Settle the claim of Rs [amount] in full.
(ii) Pay interest at 9 per cent per annum from the date of
bill till realisation.
(iii) Pay compensation of Rs 50,000 (Rupees fifty thousand)
for mental harassment and deficiency in service.
(iv) Pay litigation costs of Rs 25,000 (Rupees twenty-five
thousand).
6. Failure to comply within the said period will compel my client
to file a complaint before the District Consumer Disputes
Redressal Commission, [District], with all consequential costs
to your account, and to refer the matter to the Insurance
Ombudsman, [Region].
Yours faithfully,
[Advocate Name] (or [Your Name] if in person)
Counsel for [Your Name]
Place: [City]
Date: [DD/MM/YYYY]
Enclosures: Policy schedule, hospital bill, discharge summary,
ICP, claim form, rejection letter, GRO reply, Bima Bharosa
acknowledgement.
Carry one physical folder and one cloud folder (Google Drive / DigiLocker) with the following.
| < 100% 30% 35% 35% > | ||
| Stage | Statutory clock | What happens next |
|---|---|---|
| Insurer Grievance Redressal Officer (GRO) | 15 working days to reply | If silent or unsatisfactory, move to Bima Bharosa |
| IRDAI Bima Bharosa portal | 15 working days to resolve | If unresolved in 30 days, move to Ombudsman |
| Insurance Ombudsman | 30 days to decide after hearing | Award binding on insurer, optional consumer commission |
| District / State Consumer Commission | Final order, varies by docket | Appeal lies to State / National Commission |
Two-step escalation. First, HR raises the issue with the corporate account manager at the insurer (they have higher escalation power). Second, you (the insured) still have an independent right to file at Bima Bharosa and the Ombudsman as a beneficiary, even though the policyholder is the employer.
For a systemic issue or pattern of denials, an RTI to IRDAI is a force multiplier. Ask, for example, how many repudiations were filed against [Insurer] in FY 2024-25 on the ground of non-disclosure, and how many were overturned by the Ombudsman? You can draft this in minutes using the AI RTI Drafter tool, and use the citizen RTI playbook for the appeals route. The reply will land in 30 days and is admissible evidence at the Ombudsman and consumer commission.
Facing rejection, delay, cashless denial or deductions? Use this series to move step by step from insurer complaint to Bima Bharosa, Ombudsman and consumer court.
Most of these are new pages in the series, they will be cross-linked as published.
No. Section 45 of the Insurance Act 1938 bars repudiation on grounds of misstatement or non-disclosure after three years from policy issuance (or last reinstatement), unless the insurer can prove fraud, which is a much higher bar than mere non-disclosure. If your policy is in its sixth year and the insurer is citing PED, the repudiation is presumptively bad in law. Reply citing §45 and escalate to the Ombudsman.
Yes, on the insurer. The Ombudsman's award is binding on the insurer who must comply within 30 days. It is not binding on you as the complainant, if you do not accept the award, you can still go to the consumer commission or civil court. This one-way binding nature is what makes the Ombudsman route so citizen-friendly.
You lose cashless, not reimbursement. File a reimbursement claim within the policy time-window (usually 30 days from discharge, sometimes 7 to 15 days for intimation). The insurer cannot reject only because the hospital is non-network, as long as the hospital meets the policy hospital definition (10 beds in metro, 15 in non-metro, 24-hour nursing, registered).
Yes. The Bima Bharosa portal, the Insurance Ombudsman, and the consumer commission are independent forums. Filing one does not bar the other. Many citizens file at Bima Bharosa first (free, quick, forces a written reply), then at the Ombudsman (free, binding award), and only go to consumer commission if either is unsatisfactory or the claim is above Rs 50 lakh.
No. The Insurance Ombudsman is completely free. No filing fee, no stamp paper, no advocate compulsion. You can attend hearings personally or by a representative. Travel is at your cost, the Ombudsman office assigned by your residence pincode hears the case.
Acknowledgement is automatic and instant, substantive insurer reply must come within 15 working days. If no reply, the IRDAI grievance cell escalates internally. In practice, simple cases close in 30 to 45 days, complex repudiation cases may take 60 to 90 days. Keep your token number safe, you will need it at every later forum.
The no-claim bonus (NCB) is an annual increase in the sum insured (typically 5 to 50 per cent cumulative) if you do not file a claim in that policy year. If you file even a small claim, you lose the bonus in the next renewal. Some insurers offer bonus-protect riders. The NCB is not a cash refund and does not stack across insurers when you port.
Yes, at the consumer commission. Mental harassment damages of Rs 25,000 to Rs 5 lakh are routinely awarded in repudiation cases. The Insurance Ombudsman can also award consequential damages within the Rs 50 lakh ceiling. Document the harassment with screenshots, call recordings, and family hospital visit records.
The TPA is the insurer's agent, not your contracting party. A TPA denial is treated as an insurer denial for grievance purposes. Email both TPA and insurer GRO together, demand a written reason, and use the IRDAI 2024 one-hour cashless rule. If the insurer hides behind the TPA, raise it at Bima Bharosa as agent-principal evasion, the regulator dislikes that.
Yes. PM-JAY is a government scheme not regulated by IRDAI, so the Ombudsman route does not apply. Use the PM-JAY grievance tab at pmjay.gov.in, call 14555 or 1800-111-565, or escalate to the District Grievance Nodal Officer. CPGRAMS at pgportal.gov.in is the central government portal for PM-JAY escalation, consumer commission is a parallel route.
Yes. Use the portability right under IRDAI portability regulations. You can port to another insurer at renewal without losing the waiting period credit you have already served. Apply 45 to 60 days before renewal. A denied claim does not legally bar portability, though the new insurer may underwrite you afresh.
Part of the Health Insurance Claim Recovery Series by RightToInformation.Wiki.
Last reviewed by RTI Wiki editorial team on 2026-05-16.